Efficacy of Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Monitoring for Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Adult Noncardiac Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders are common perioperative complications associated with various poor outcomes. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) monitoring is a noninvasive technique based on near-infrared spectroscopy detection. Due to the considerable controversy among currently published studies on the application of intraoperative rSO2 monitoring in adult patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery, this study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide more comprehensive and robust evidence to support clinical decision-making.

Influence of Estrus on the Milk Characteristics and Mid-Infrared Spectra of Dairy Cows.

Milk produced by dairy cows is a complex combination of many components. However, at present, changes in only a few milk components (e.g.

Effects of parity and days in milk on milk composition in correlation with β-hydroxybutyrate in tropic dairy cows.

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of parity and days in milk on milk yield and milk production traits and their correlation with β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations in milk of Chinese tropic Holstein dairy cows which are adapted to a humid subtropical climate in central China. About 3055 milking records of Holstein cows were obtained from three farms in the hot region in the center of China. The records were classified according to parity to 4 categories: first parity, second parity, third parity, and greater than third parity.

[Research progress of the role of postoperative pain in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in geriatric patients].

Previous studies have shown that postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is related to multiple factors including age, postoperative trauma, inflammation, postoperative pain, and anesthesia, among which postoperative pain is thought to play an important role in the development of POCD. This review summarizes the recent findings in the study of the role of postoperative pain in the pathogenesis of POCD in light of nerve injuries, neural remodeling and stress, and the progress in the prevention and treatment of POCD in elderly patients. It is of vital important to assess the postoperative pain and formulate adequate analgesic regimens for effective prevention and management of POCD to protect the brain functions of elderly patients.

AMPKα1 overexpression improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats through AMPK-Sirt1 and autophagy signaling.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication in elderly patients who undergo surgery involving anesthesia. Its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Autophagy plays an important role in the damage and repair of the nervous system and is associated with the development of POCD.

Sirt3-Mediated Autophagy Contributes to Resveratrol-Induced Protection against ER Stress in HT22 Cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurring in stringent conditions is critically involved in neuronal survival and death. Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenol that has neuroprotective effects against many neurological disorders. Here, we investigated the potential protective effects of resveratrol in an ER stress model mimicked by tunicamycin (TM) treatment in neuronal HT22 cells.

Morphine enhances renal cell carcinoma aggressiveness through promotes survivin level.

Background: Morphine is an opioid analgesic drug often used for pain relief in cancer patients. However, there is growing evidence that morphine may modulate tumor growth, progression and metastasis. Unfortunately, the results obtained by these studies are still contradictory.

Tumor targeting HPMA-porphyrin-99mTc copolymer molecular imaging agent.

Porphyrins typically show preferential uptake and retention by tumor tissues via receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoproteins. To investigate the relative importance of active and passive targeting strategies, the synthesis, characterization, in vitro uptake, and in vivo biodistribution of specific targeting porphyrin HPMA [HPMA: N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] copolymer tracer poly(HPMA)-porphyrin-DTPA-(99m)Tc (DTPA: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), nonspecific targeting HPMA copolymer tracer poly(HPMA)-DTPA-(99m)Tc, and nontargeting tracer DTPA-(99m)Tc are described in this study. The results showed that the cellular accumulation of poly(HPMA)-porphyrin-DTPA-(99m)Tc complex was found to be time-dependent.

Polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene M235T in myocardial infarction and brain infarction: a meta-analysis.

The angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T polymorphism has been reported to be associated with myocardial infarction (MI) and brain infarction (BI), but the results remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis was designed to clarify these controversies. Electronic databases were systematically searched before February 2013.

Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts on aortic pulse wave velocity in streptozocin induced diabetic rats.

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPEs) have been reported to be effective in treating arteriosclerosis, while little is known about therapeutic agents against diabetic macrovascular complications. We used streptozocin to induce diabetic rats. GSPEs (250 mg/kg of body weight) were administrated to diabetic rats for 24 weeks.

[Activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein and its involvement in endothelial cell migration].

Objective: To study the activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and its critical role in endothelial cell migration.

Methods: Bovine aortic endothelial cells (ECs) were cultured. The expression of SREBP and Cdc42 were determined by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR.

A novel approach of proteomics to study the mechanism of action of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts on diabetic retinopathy in rats.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness among the people of occupational age. To prevent the progress of retina injury, effective therapies directed toward the key molecular target are required. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE) have been reported to be effective in treating diabetic complications, while little is discussed about the functional protein changes.

Grape seed proanthocyanidins ameliorate diabetic nephropathy via modulation of levels of AGE, RAGE and CTGF.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE) are powerful antioxidants. However, the role of GSPE on advanced glycation end products (AGEs), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in DN has not been elucidated.

Back-regulation of six oxidative stress proteins with grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts in rat diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. To prevent the development of this disease and to improve advanced kidney injury, effective therapies directed toward the key molecular target are required. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE) have been reported to be effective in treating DN, while little is known about the functional protein changes.

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts inhibit vascular cell adhesion molecule expression induced by advanced glycation end products through activation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma.

Although evidence has shown that grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE) can selectively inhibit cell adhesion molecule expression induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the underlying molecular mechanism has not been extensively characterized. To study the antiinflammation mechanism of GSPE, we investigated the effect of GSPE on Von Willebrand factor (vWF) content and the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) induced by AGEs and the effect of GSPE on peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC were preincubated with or without GSPE of different concentrations (10 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L) for 4 hours before being treated with 200 mg/L AGEs or unmodified bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 24 hours.

Pulse wave velocity as a marker of arteriosclerosis and its comorbidities in Chinese patients.

To obtain reliable data on the epidemiology of arteriosclerosis and the comorbidities in patients with hypertension (HP), coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and stroke, we evaluated the clinical significance of pulse wave velocity (PWV) as an indicator of arteriosclerosis and its comorbidities in Chinese patients. A total of 910 subjects, including 748 Chinese patients with one or more cardiovascular risk factors (80.2% male, mean age 73.

Selective inhibition by grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts of cell adhesion molecule expression induced by advanced glycation end products in endothelial cells.

The interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGE) with their cell surface receptors for AGEs (RAGE) has been causally implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications and has been shown to stimulate cell adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells via induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Alternatively, grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE), which are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, have been reported to possess potent radical scavenging and antioxidant properties and to display significant cardiovascular protective action. In this study, we investigated whether GSPE could inhibit AGE-induced cell adhesion molecule expression through interference with ROS generations in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.