Lie symmetry analysis and solitary wave solution of biofilm model Allen-Cahn.

The investigation presented in this study delves into the analysis of Lie symmetries for the bistable Allen-Cahn (BAC) equation with a quartic potential, specifically applied to the biofilm model. By employing the Lie symmetry method, we have acquired the Lie infinitesimal generators for the considered model. Using a transformation method, the nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) are converted into various nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NLODEs), providing the numerous closed-form solitary wave solutions.

Efficacy, Safety, and Complications of Pigtail Thoracostomy for the Treatment of Pediatric Pleuropneumonia.

Objective: Pigtail thoracostomy (PT) has become the mainstay technique for the drainage of pediatric pleuropneumonic effusions (PLPe). However, its efficacy and complication profile has been questioned when compared with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and larger bore traditional tube thoracostomy. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and complications associated with PT.

Human-like scene interpretation by a guided counterstream processing.

In modeling vision, there has been a remarkable progress in recognizing a range of scene components, but the problem of analyzing full scenes, an ultimate goal of visual perception, is still largely open. To deal with complete scenes, recent work focused on the training of models for extracting the full graph-like structure of a scene. In contrast with scene graphs, humans' scene perception focuses on selected structures in the scene, starting with a limited interpretation and evolving sequentially in a goal-directed manner [G.

A New 3D Mathematical Model for Simulating Nanofluid Flooding in a Porous Medium for Enhanced Oil Recovery.

Two-phase Darcy's law is a well-known mathematical model used in the petrochemical industry. It predicts the fluid flow in reservoirs and can be used to optimize oil production using recent technology. Indeed, various models have been proposed for predicting oil recovery using injected nanofluids (NFs).

A numerical investigation of mathematical modelling in 3D hexagonal porous prism on oil recovery using nanoflooding.

The use of nanomaterials as a means of recovering heavy and light oil from petroleum reservoirs has increased over the preceding twenty years. Most researchers have found that injecting a nanoparticle dispersion (nanofluids) has led to good results and increased the amount of oil that can be recovered. In this research, we aim to imitate the three-dimensional hexagonal prism in the existence of SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles for better oil recovery.

Healthcare utilization, costs, and epidemiology of Huntington's disease in Israel.

Introduction: Data on Huntington's disease (HD) epidemiology, treatment patterns, and economic burden in Israel are scarce.

Methods: Annual prevalence and incidence of HD (ICD-9-CM 333.4) were assessed in the Israel-based Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS) database 2016-2018.

The Impact of 3D Prism Cavity for Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Different Nanomaterials.

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been offered as an alternative to declining crude oil production. EOR using nanotechnology is one of the most innovative trends in the petroleum industry. In order to determine the maximum oil recovery, the effect of a 3D rectangular prism shape is numerically investigated in this study.

The Impact of Cavities in Different Thermal Applications of Nanofluids: A Review.

Nanofluids and nanotechnology are very important in enhancing heat transfer due to the thermal conductivity of their nanoparticles, which play a vital role in heat transfer applications. Researchers have used cavities filled with nanofluids for two decades to increase the heat-transfer rate. This review also highlights a variety of theoretical and experimentally measured cavities by exploring the following parameters: the significance of cavities in nanofluids, the effects of nanoparticle concentration and nanoparticle material, the influence of the inclination angle of cavities, heater and cooler effects, and magnetic field effects in cavities.

The Clinical and Economic Burden of Tardive Dyskinesia in Israel: Real-World Data Analysis.

Purpose/background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder caused by exposure to dopamine-receptor blockers. Data on TD burden in Israel are scarce. This analysis assesses the clinical and economic burden of TD in Israeli patients.

Genome-wide mapping of somatic mutation rates uncovers drivers of cancer.

Identification of cancer driver mutations that confer a proliferative advantage is central to understanding cancer; however, searches have often been limited to protein-coding sequences and specific non-coding elements (for example, promoters) because of the challenge of modeling the highly variable somatic mutation rates observed across tumor genomes. Here we present Dig, a method to search for driver elements and mutations anywhere in the genome. We use deep neural networks to map cancer-specific mutation rates genome-wide at kilobase-scale resolution.

Thermophysical Properties of Nanofluid in Two-Phase Fluid Flow through a Porous Rectangular Medium for Enhanced Oil Recovery.

It is necessary to sustain energy from an external reservoir or employ advanced technologies to enhance oil recovery. A greater volume of oil may be recovered by employing nanofluid flooding. In this study, we investigated oil extraction in a two-phase incompressible fluid in a two-dimensional rectangular porous homogenous area filled with oil and having no capillary pressure.

Asymmetric responses of ecosystem productivity to rainfall anomalies vary inversely with mean annual rainfall over the conterminous United States.

The CONterminous United States (CONUS) presents a large range of climate conditions and biomes where terrestrial primary productivity and its inter-annual variability are controlled regionally by rainfall and/or temperature. Here, the response of ecosystem productivity to those climate variables was investigated across different biomes from 2010 to 2018 using three climate datasets of precipitation, air temperature or drought severity, combined with several proxies of ecosystem productivity: a remote sensing product of aboveground biomass, an net primary productivity (NPP) remote sensing product, an NPP model-based product and four gross primary productivity products. We used an asymmetry index (AI) where positive AI indicates a greater increase of ecosystem productivity in wet years compared to the decline in dry years, and negative AI indicates a greater decline of ecosystem productivity in dry years compared to the increase in wet years.

Uncertainty in Soil Moisture Retrievals: an Ensemble Approach using SMOS L-Band Microwave Data.

The uncertainty of surface soil moisture (SM) retrievals from satellite brightness temperature (TB) observations depends primarily on the choice of radiative transfer model (RTM) parameters, prior SM information and TB inputs. This paper studies the sensitivity of several established and experimental SM retrieval products from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission to these choices at 11 reference sites, located in 7 watersheds across the United States (US). Different RTM parameter sets cause large biases between retrievals.

Satellite-observed pantropical carbon dynamics.

Changes in terrestrial tropical carbon stocks have an important role in the global carbon budget. However, current observational tools do not allow accurate and large-scale monitoring of the spatial distribution and dynamics of carbon stocks. Here, we used low-frequency L-band passive microwave observations to compute a direct and spatially explicit quantification of annual aboveground carbon (AGC) fluxes and show that the tropical net AGC budget was approximately in balance during 2010 to 2017, the net budget being composed of gross losses of -2.

Satellite-based soil moisture provides missing link between summertime precipitation and surface temperature biases in CMIP5 simulations over conterminous United States.

Past studies have shown that climate simulations have substantial warm and dry biases during the summer in the conterminous United States (CONUS), particularly in the central Great Plains (CGP). These biases have critical implications for the interpretation of climate change projections, but the complex overlap of multiple land-atmosphere feedback processes make them difficult to explain (and therefore correct). Even though surface soil moisture (SM) is often cited as a key control variable in these processes, there are still knowledge gaps about its specific role.

Coupling of ecosystem-scale plant water storage and leaf phenology observed by satellite.

Plant water storage is fundamental to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems by participating in plant metabolism, nutrient and sugar transport, and maintenance of the integrity of the hydraulic system of the plant. However, a global view of the size and dynamics of the water pools stored in plant tissues is still lacking. Here, we report global patterns of seasonal variations in ecosystem-scale plant water storage and their relationship with leaf phenology, based on space-borne measurements of L-band vegetation optical depth.

Evaluating soil moisture retrievals from ESA's SMOS and NASA's SMAP brightness temperature datasets.

Two satellites are currently monitoring surface soil moisture (SM) using L-band observations: SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity), a joint ESA (European Space Agency), CNES (Centre national d'études spatiales), and CDTI (the Spanish government agency with responsibility for space) satellite launched on November 2, 2009 and SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive), a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) satellite successfully launched in January 2015. In this study, we used a multilinear regression approach to retrieve SM from SMAP data to create a global dataset of SM, which is consistent with SM data retrieved from SMOS. This was achieved by calibrating coefficients of the regression model using the CATDS (Centre Aval de Traitement des Données) SMOS Level 3 SM and the horizontally and vertically polarized brightness temperatures (TB) at 40° incidence angle, over the 2013 - 2014 period.

Satellite passive microwaves reveal recent climate-induced carbon losses in African drylands.

The African continent is facing one of the driest periods in the past three decades as well as continued deforestation. These disturbances threaten vegetation carbon (C) stocks and highlight the need for improved capabilities of monitoring large-scale aboveground carbon stock dynamics. Here we use a satellite dataset based on vegetation optical depth derived from low-frequency passive microwaves (L-VOD) to quantify annual aboveground biomass-carbon changes in sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2016.

GLORI: A GNSS-R Dual Polarization Airborne Instrument for Land Surface Monitoring.

Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) has emerged as a remote sensing tool, which is complementary to traditional monostatic radars, for the retrieval of geophysical parameters related to surface properties. In the present paper, we describe a new polarimetric GNSS-R system, referred to as the GLObal navigation satellite system Reflectometry Instrument (GLORI), dedicated to the study of land surfaces (soil moisture, vegetation water content, forest biomass) and inland water bodies. This system was installed as a permanent payload on a French ATR42 research aircraft, from which simultaneous measurements can be carried out using other instruments, when required.

Wet Spinning and Drawing of Human Recombinant Collagen.

The advancement of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has generated a growing demand for collagen fibers that both resemble native collagen fibers as closely as possible in terms of structure and function, and can be produced in large quantities and processed by current textile technologies. However, the collagen spinning methodologies reported thus far have not matured sufficiently to provide a spinning rate suitable for large-scale production and also generate fibers with insufficient mechanical properties. In the current study, we introduce three new elements into existing collagen fiber spinning technologies: the use of recombinant human collagen, high concentration dope, and spin drawing.

Liquid crystalline human recombinant collagen: the challenge and the opportunity.

Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix, and by far the most prominent constituent of all load-bearing tissues. Its abundance and self-assembly capacities render it a practical scaffold material for tissue repair and regeneration applications. However, some difficulties exist in artificially regenerating functional collagen structures to match native tissues and their respective performances.

Patients' and physicians' characteristics associated with the purchase of benzodiazepines by older primary care patients in Israel.

This study evaluated patients' and physicians' characteristics associated with the purchase of benzodiazepines by older primary care patients in Israel. The analytic sample consists of those 6,421 patients age 65 and older. We used multi-level analysis with whether or not benzodiazepines were purchased at least once between June 2005 and 2007 as an outcome.

Disparities in antidepressant adherence in primary care: report from Israel.

Objectives: To evaluate patient and physician characteristics associated with the purchase of antidepressant medication for at least 6 months.

Study Design And Methods: Clalit Health Services is the largest managed care health fund in Israel, a country that uses a universal healthcare system. We randomly sampled 30,000 primary care patients over the age of 22 years.