Hollow core-shell heterojunction TAPB-COF@ZnInS as highly efficient photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction.

The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) into carbon-neutral fuels using solar energy is crucial for achieving energy sustainability. However, the high carrier charge recombination and low CO adsorption capacity of the photocatalysts present significant challenges. In this paper, a TAPB-COF@ZnInS-30 (TAPB-COFZ-30) heterojunction photocatalyst was constructed by growth of ZnInS (ZIS) on a hollow covalent organic framework (HCOF) with a hollow core-shell structure for CO to CO conversion.

Resistance risk and mechanism of Ustilaginoidea virens to pydiflumetofen.

Rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is a devastating fungal disease in rice that not only leads to yield reduction but also poses a serious threat to food safety and human health due to the production of numerous mycotoxins. Pydiflumetofen, one of the most promising SDHI fungicides widely used for controlling various plant diseases, lacks available information regarding its antifungal activity against U. virens and the potential risk of resistance development in this pathogen.

The G143S mutation in cytochrome b confers high resistance to pyraclostrobin in Fusarium pseudograminearum.

Background: Wheat crown rot (WCR), primarily caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum has become more and more prevalent in winter wheat areas in China. However, limited fungicides have been registered for the control of WCR in China so far. Pyraclostrobin is a representative quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) with excellent activity against Fusarium spp.

Functional Differentiation of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit SdhC Governs the Sensitivity to SDHI Fungicides, ROS Homeostasis, and Pathogenicity in .

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an integral component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and respiratory electron transport chain (ETC), targeted by succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs). is a prominent phytopathogen causing head blight (FHB) on wheat. Here, we characterized the functions of the FaSdhA, FaSdhB, FaSdhC, FaSdhC, and FaSdhD subunits.

Risk assessment and molecular mechanism of Sclerotium rolfsii resistance to boscalid.

Boscalid, a widely used SDHI fungicide, has been employed in plant disease control for over two decades. However, there is currently no available information regarding its antifungal activity against Sclerotium rolfsii and the potential risk of resistance development in this pathogen. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of 100 S.

Resistance Risk and Molecular Mechanism of Tomato Wilt Pathogen f. sp. to Pyraclostrobin.

Tomato wilt disease caused by f. sp. (Fol) results in a decrease in tomato yield and quality.

In situ Mo-doped ZnInS/Ni-Ni Hofmann-type coordination polymer composites for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.

Solar energy-assisted hydrogen production technology is an essential tool for exploring hydrogen energy. To date, semiconductors have been used as the primary photocatalyst to generate hydrogen via photocatalytic water splitting. However, the high photogenerated electron-hole recombination rate of semiconductor photocatalysts results in a low hydrogen production rate.

The intrinsic resistance of Fusarium solani to the Fusarium-specific fungicide phenamacril is attributed to the natural variation of both T218S and K376M in myosin5.

Fusarium solani is responsible for causing root rot in various crops, resulting in wilting and eventual demise. Phenamacril, a specific inhibitor of myosin5 protein, has gained recognition as an effective fungicide against a broad spectrum of Fusarium species. It has been officially registered for controlling Fusarium diseases through spray application, root irrigation, and seed dipping.

Occurrence and Chemical Control Strategy of Wheat Brown Foot Rot Caused by .

Wheat brown foot rot (WBFR), caused by a variety of phytopathogenic fungi, is an important soilborne and seedborne disease of wheat. WBFR causes wheat lodging and seedling dieback, which seriously affect the yield and quality of wheat. In this study, 64 isolates of WBFR were isolated from different wheat fields in Yancheng city, Jiangsu Province, China.

Bioactivity-Guided Subtraction of MIQOX for Easily Available Isoquinoline Hydrazides as Novel Antifungal Candidates.

The discovery of novel and easily available leads provides a convincing solution to agrochemical innovation. A bioassay-guided scaffold subtraction of the previous "Chem-Bio Model" isoquinoline-3-oxazoline was conducted for identifying the easily available isoquinoline-3-hydrazide as a novel antifungal scaffold. The special and practical potential of this model was demonstrated by a phenotypic antifungal bioassay, molecular docking, and cross-resistance evaluation.

Evolution of Benzimidazole Resistance Caused by Multiple Double Mutations of β in .

Cucumber target leaf spot caused by has devastated greenhouse cucumber production. In our previous study, the resistance monitoring of to carbendazim was carried out, and a large number of resistant populations carrying various mutations (M163I&E198A, F167Y&E198A, F200S&E198A, or E198A) in β were detected. However, the single-point mutations M163I, F167Y, and F200S have remained undetected.

The G143A/S substitution of mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b (Cytb) in Magnaporthe oryzae confers resistance to quinone outside inhibitors.

Background: Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is a destructive disease threatening the production of staple foods worldwide. Quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) are a group of chemicals exhibiting excellent activity against a majority of plant pathogens, with the disadvantage that pathogens can easily develop resistance to QoIs.

Results: Here, we investigated the activity of picoxystrobin against M.

Cytochrome bc1 Complex: Potential Breach to Improve the Activity of Phenazines on .

The effects of the natural pesticides, phenazines, were reported to be limited by some tolerant metabolism processes within . Our previous studies suggested that the functional cytochrome bc1 complex, the indispensable component of the respiration chain, might participate in tolerating phenazines in . In this study, the cytochrome bc1 mutants of pv.

Risk assessment and molecular mechanism of Fusarium incarnatum resistance to phenamacril.

Background: Cucumber fruit rot (CFR) caused by Fusarium incarnatum is a devastating fungal disease in cucumber. In recent years, CFR has occurred frequently, resulting in serious yield and quality losses in China. Phenamacril exhibits a specific antifungal activity against Fusarium species.

Mechanism of Resistance to Ergosterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors: G443S Substitution of the Drug Target FgCYP51A.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the species complex, is a devastating fungal disease resulting in substantial yield and quality losses. Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) are the most popular chemicals for controlling FHB. Recently, the resistance of to EBIs has emerged in the field, and an amino acid substitution (G443S) of the sterol 14α-demethylase FgCYP51A was detected in the field resistant strains.

Functional dissection of individual domains in group III histidine kinase Sshk1p from the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

A conserved kinase domain and phosphoryl group receiver domain at the C-terminus and poly-HAMP domains at the N-terminus comprise the structural components of the group III HK which was considered as a potential antifungal target. However, the roles of individual domains in the function of group III HKs have rarely been dissected in fungi. In this study, we dissected the roles of individual domains to better understand the function of Sshk1p, a group III HK from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Functional Roles of α-, α-, β-, and β-Tubulins in Vegetative Growth, Microtubule Assembly, and Sexual Reproduction of Fusarium graminearum.

The plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum contains two α-tubulin isotypes (α and α) and two β-tubulin isotypes (β and β). The functional roles of these tubulins in microtubule assembly are not clear. Previous studies reported that α- and β-tubulin deletion mutants showed severe growth defects and hypersensitivity to carbendazim, which have not been well explained.

Validamycin A Enhances the Interaction Between Neutral Trehalase and 14-3-3 Protein Bmh1 in .

In agriculture, Trehalase is considered the main target of the biological fungicide validamycin A, and the toxicology mechanism of validamycin A is unknown. 14-3-3 proteins, highly conserved proteins, participate in diverse cellular processes, including enzyme activation, protein localization, and acting as a molecular chaperone. In , the 14-3-3 protein Bmh1could interact with Nth1 to respond to specific external stimuli.

Metabolic profile of heart tissue in cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Background: Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) is one of the most common birth anomalies, in which chronic hypoxia is the basic pathophysiological process.

Methods: To investigate the heart's metabolic remodeling to hypoxia, we performed an untargeted metabolomic analysis of cardiac tissue from 20 CCHD patients and 15 patients with acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD).

Results: A total of 71 (63%) metabolites from 113 detected substances in cardiac tissue differed between the CCHD and ACHD groups.

Antifungal Activity of Quinofumelin against and Its Inhibitory Effect on DON Biosynthesis.

causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), causes a huge economic loss. No information is available on the activity of quinofumelin, a novel quinoline fungicide, against or other phytopathogens. In this study, we used mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition methods to determine the inhibitory effect of quinofumelin against in vitro.

Two-Stage Arterial Switch for Transposition of the Great Vessels in Older Children.

Background: This study investigated a 2-stage arterial switch operation (ASO) to treat transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with intact ventricular septum (TGA-IVS) in late referral patients.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with TGA-IVS or TGA with restricted ventricular septal defects who had undergone 2-stage ASO at our institution from February 2007 to August 2018. Included were 41 patients: 21 (51.

Mechanism of validamycin A inhibiting DON biosynthesis and synergizing with DMI fungicides against Fusarium graminearum.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a vital virulence factor of Fusarium graminearum, which causes Fusarium head blight (FHB). We recently found that validamycin A (VMA), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, can be used to control FHB and inhibit DON contamination, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that both neutral and acid trehalase (FgNTH and FgATH) are the targets of VMA in F.

Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase FgGPI, a β Tubulin-Interacting Protein, Is Indispensable for Fungal Development and Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis in .

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) is ubiquitous in most organisms, catalyzing the reversible isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. In this study, we investigated biological and genetic functions of in the phytopathogen . We found that hyphal growth, conidial germination, and septa formation were significantly inhibited in deletion mutant ∆FgGPI.