[Role of protein kinase D1 in regulating the growth, apoptosis and drug sensitivity of oral squamous carcinoma cells].

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of protein kinase D (PKD)1 in regulating the growth, apop-tosis, and drug sensitivity of the squamous carcinoma cell line SCC-25.

Methods: The SCC-25 cell line was transfected with either the control-shRNA or PKD1-shRNA plasmids. The stable transfected cells were selected, and the efficiency of PKD1 knockdown was detected by Western blot.

[Saliva of periodontitis patients promotes macrophage differentiation and activation].

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis (CPD) on the differentiation, activation, and secretion of osteoclast-maturing mediators of macrophages.

Methods: A total of 40 saliva samples were collected from healthy donors (n=20) and severe periodontitis patients (n=20). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and THP-1 monocyte line cells were challenged with 15% saliva for 5 days.

[The Role of HMGN2 in the Development of Periodontitis Dental Plaque].

Objectives: To determine the role of high mobility group chromosomal protein N2 (HMGN2) in the development of periodontitis plaque biofilm.

Methods: Saliva samples were collected before clinical interventions in patients with periodontitis (25 Mild periodontitis, 25 Moderate periodontitis and 25 Severe periodontitis) and healthy controls ( =25).Following an estimation of dental plaque index, the level of HMGN2 in saliva was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

[Inhibition of Cigarettes Smoke-induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition by the SMO Inhibitor PF-5274857 in Beas-2b Epithelial Cells].

Objectives: To explore the effects of the Smoothened (Smo) inhibitor PF-5274857 on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apply a new idea fororal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment.

Methods: Beas-2b cells were used to investigate the CS-induced EMT. Both pretreat and post-treat were performed in the study.

Protection of CTGF Antibody Against Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice Via Reducing Glomerular β-Catenin Expression and Podocyte Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.

Despite substantial progress in medical care, the morbidity rate of diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains high in patients with diabetes. Evidence suggests that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) induced podocyte injury may contribute to DN and CTGF inhibition could reduce albuminuria. However, to date the mechanisms involved in the effect of CTGF on podocyte injury have not been fully understood.

Role of the prostaglandin E2 receptor agonists in TGF-β1-induced mesangial cell damage.

PGE exerts its biological effect through binding to various EP receptors that result inactivation of various signal transduction pathways. It also plays an important role in mice glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) damage induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1); however, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we tested the efficacy of four selective agonists of PGE receptor, EPA (17-phenyl trinor prostaglandin E ethyl amid), EPA (butaprost), EPA (sulprostone) and EPA (cay10580), on mice MCs.

Resveratrol ameliorates renal injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats by inhibiting renal micro-inflammation.

Micro-inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol with anti-fibrosis activity in hypertensive renal damage model. In SHR renal damage model, RSV treatment blunted the increase in urine albumin excretion, urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), attenuated the decrease in creatinine clearance rate (CCR).

Role of the prostaglandin E2/E-prostanoid 2 receptor signalling pathway in TGFβ-induced mice mesangial cell damage.

The prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2 (E-prostanoid 2), plays an important role in mice glomerular MCs (mesangial cells) damage induced by TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor-β1); however, the molecular mechanisms for this remain unknown. The present study examined the role of the EP2 signalling pathway in TGFβ1-induced MCs proliferation, ECM (extracellular matrix) accumulation and expression of PGES (prostaglandin E2 synthase). We generated primary mice MCs.

A maladaptive role for EP4 receptors in mouse mesangial cells.

Roles of the prostaglandin E2 E-prostanoid 4 receptor (EP4) on extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation induced by TGF-β1 in mouse glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) remain unknown. Previously, we have identified that TGF-β1 stimulates the expression of FN and Col I in mouse GMCs. Here we asked whether stimulation of EP4 receptors would exacerbate renal fibrosis associated with enhanced glomerular ECM accumulation.

Changes of adiponectin and its receptors in rats following chronic renal failure.

Objective: To investigate changes of adiponectin and its receptors (Adipo R) in rats following chronic renal failure.

Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and chronic renal failure (CRF) group. The CRF group were gavaged with adenine (300 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks and the control group with drinking water.

Lanthanum carbonate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in CKD 5D: multicenter, double blind, randomized, controlled trial in mainland China.

Background: Serum phosphorus control is critical for chronic kidney disease (CKD) 5D patients. Currently, clinical profile for an oral phosphorus binder in the mainland Chinese population is not available.

Objective: To establish the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lanthanum carbonate in CKD 5D patients.

Platelet glycoprotein IIb HPA-3 a/b polymorphism is associated with native arteriovenous fistula thrombosis in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) human platelet antigen-3 (HPA-3) a/b polymorphism with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) and native Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) thrombosis.

Methods: The polymorphism in the GPIIb subunit of the receptor HPA-3 (a and b alleles) was identified by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 145 HD patients and 120 healthy controls from a Chinese Han population. The HD patients were classified into two groups: G1 and G2.

Unintentional injuries among primary and middle school students in Maanshan City, eastern China.

Aim: To describe the rates and patterns of unintentional injuries among primary and middle school students in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Maanshan City of the Anhui Province in eastern China. All students attending six primary and four middle schools, selected randomly, were asked to report unintentional injuries occurring in the 12-mo period before the survey.

Unintentional injuries at school in China--patterns and risk factors.

Objective: To describe the rate and pattern of unintentional school injuries among primary and middle school students and to explore the major risk factors involved.

Study Design: A cross-sectional survey of more than 10,000 students attending 6 primary and 4 middle schools selected randomly from all schools in Maanshan City of Anhui Province in eastern China was conducted to collect information on school injuries occurring in the 12-month period before the survey. Rate ratios for risk factors were estimated using the negative binomial regression analysis.

[Study on familial factors regarding injury-related behaviors in children].

Objective: To probe into the effects of familial factors on injury-related behaviors in children.

Methods: Injury-related behaviors and familial factors of 6884 children were investigated with Family Questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist. Multi-nominal logistic regression analysis was performed.

Exogenous attenuation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) decreases mesangial cell hypertrophy as a result of hyperglycemia and IGF-1.

Renal mesangial cell hypertrophy is a characteristic of diabetic nephropathy as well as a response to renal stress or injury. Because hypertrophy is a result of increased protein content per cell without DNA replication, those proteins that control the cell cycle, such as the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21, represent fertile ground for studying the mechanism of this structural alteration. A key role for p21 in promoting mesangial cell (MC) hypertrophy has been established using p21 knockout mouse models.

Involvement of rho and rho-associated kinase in sphincteric smooth muscle contraction by angiotensin II.

The tonic smooth muscles of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and internal anal sphincter (IAS) are subject to modulation by the neurohumoral agents. We report that angiotensin (Ang) II-induced contraction of rat IAS and LES smooth muscle cells (SMC) was inhibited by Clostridium botulinum C3 exozyme, HA 1077 and Y 27632, suggesting a role for Rho kinase and a Rho-associated kinase (ROK). Ang II-induced contraction of the SMC was also attenuated by genistein, antibodies to the pp60(c-src), p(190) RhoGTPase-activating protein (p190 RhoGAP), carboxyl terminus of Galpha13, carboxyl terminus peptide, and ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) antibody.

Role of pp60(c-src) and p(44/42) MAPK in ANG II-induced contraction of rat tonic gastrointestinal smooth muscles.

We examined the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (p(44/42) MAPK) in ANG II-induced contraction of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscles. Studies were performed in the isolated smooth muscles and cells (SMC). ANG II-induced changes in the levels of phosphorylation of different signal transduction and effector proteins were determined before and after selective inhibitors.

Comparison of angiotensin II (Ang II) effects in the internal anal sphincter (IAS) and lower esophageal sphincter smooth muscles.

Studies were performed to compare the actions of Ang II in the internal anal sphincter (IAS) vs. lower esophageal sphincter (LES) smooth muscles in vitro, in opossum and rabbit. Studies also were carried out in isolated smooth muscle cells.

Animal model for angiotensin II effects in the internal anal sphincter smooth muscle: mechanism of action.

Effect of ANG II was investigated in in vitro smooth muscle strips and in isolated smooth muscle cells (SMC). Among different species, rat internal and sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle showed significant and reproducible contraction that remained unmodified by different neurohumoral inhibitors. The AT(1) antagonist losartan but not AT(2) antagonist PD-123319 antagonized ANG II-induced contraction of the IAS smooth muscle and SMC.