[Involvement of cerebral neuroglobin in electroacupuncture preconditioning-induced protection effect in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on cerebral ischemia and the role of cerebral neuroglobin (NgB) in EA-induced brain protection in focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury (CI/RI) rats.

Methods: Male SD rats were randomly assigned to sham control, CI/RI 6 h, CI/RI 24 h and CI/RI 72 h groups (n = 6) for observing changes of NgB at different time-points. Additional SD rats were randomly assigned to sham, model, and EA preconditioning (EA-PC) groups (n = 16) for observing changes of cerebral NgB positive cell counts in the ischemic penumbra region 24 h after reperfusion.

[X-ray absorption spectroscopic evidence for the formation of Pb(II) inner-sphere adsorption complexes and precipitates at the alkaline soil-water interface].

Adsorption mechanisms of Pb on soil with high CaCO3 content were investigated by combined batch sorption and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). Date from the batch equilibrium studies showed that Pb sorption was nonlinear and was well fitted to Langmiur isotherm. The XAFS data indicated that Pb could be adsorbed via the inner-sphere complex, the precipitation of calcium carbonate containing Pb (PbCaCO3), and outer-sphere Pb sorption complex.

Adsorption of diuron and dichlobenil on multiwalled carbon nanotubes as affected by lead.

The effect of lead on the adsorption of diuron and dichlobenil on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated to explore the possible application of MWCNTs for removal of both herbicides from contaminated water. The adsorption of diuron and dichlobenil on MWCNTs at pH 6 was nonlinear and fit the Polanyi-Manes model well. The adsorption of diuron and dichlobenil was closely correlated with specific surface areas and micropore volumes of MWCNTs.

[X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) study of the effects of pH on Pb(II) sorption by soil].

Combined batch sorption and in situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) provide direct assessment of the mechanisms for Pb(II) sorption at the soil-water interface under different pH conditions. The XAFS data indicated that the innersphere Pb sorption complex with ionic character (Pb4 (OH)4(4+)) dominated the Pb surface speciation, and the outer-sphere Pb sorption complex and the precipitation of calcium carbonate containing Pb(PbCaCO3) were also involved in the adsorption samples. Coordination number and radial distance of the first-shell Pb-O decreased from 0.

Insight to ternary complexes of co-adsorption of norfloxacin and Cu(II) onto montmorillonite at different pH using EXAFS.

Co-adsorption of norfloxacin (Nor) and Cu(II) on montmorillonite at pH 4.5, 7.0 and 9.

The mechanism of the molecular interaction between cerium (III) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco).

The mechanism of the molecular interaction between Ce3+, a member of rare earth elements, and Rubisco in vitro is investigated. The carboxylase activity of Rubisco greatly increased under low concentrations of Ce3+ and decreased under high concentrations of Ce3+. The ultraviolet absorption spectra show that the various concentrations of Ce3+ treatment do not shift the characteristic peaks of Rubisco while the characteristic peak intensity of Rubisco increases with increasing Ce3+ concentration.

Effects of copper, lead, and cadmium on the sorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol onto and desorption from wheat ash and two commercial humic acids.

The effects of copper (Cu2+), lead (Pb2+), and cadmium (Cd2+) on the sorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) to and desorption from wheat ash and two commercial humic acids were studied. Copper and Pb2+ diminished the sorption of TCP onto all adsorbents, and made desorption of TCP less hysteretic from ash and German humic acids (GeHA), but more hysteretic from Tianjin humic acids (TJHA). Cadmium had little effect on TCP sorption and desorption.

Adsorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by multi-walled carbon nanotubes as affected by Cu(II).

Adsorption equilibrium of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated to explore the possibility of using MWCNTs for concentration, detection and removal of TCP from contaminated water. The adsorption of TCP on MWCNTs at pH 4 was nonlinear, reversible and best fit by a Polanyi-Manes model. Oxidation treatment increased surface area and introduced hydrophilic carboxylic groups to the defect sites of MWCNTs, hence increased the sorption of TCP and Cu(II) individually.

[Interaction mechanism between Zn(II) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using EXAFS].

The extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) was used to investigate the mechanisms of interaction between Zn(II) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The nature of the zinc center in the yeast cells exposed to different Zn(II) concentrations and initial pH was determined by Zn K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results suggested that the adsorbed zinc ion on the yeast was the mixture of tetrahedron and octahedron structure, and Zn-O bond length changed within 0.

Fractionations of rare earth elements in plants and their conceptive model.

Fractionations of rare earth elements (REEs) and their mechanisms in soybean were studied through application of exogenous mixed REEs under hydroponic conditions. Significant enrichment of middle REEs (MREEs) and heavy REEs (HREEs) was observed in plant roots and leaves respectively, with slight fractionation between light REEs (LREEs) and HREEs in stems. Moreover, the tetrad effect was observed in these organs.

Arsenate sorption on two Chinese red soils evaluated with macroscopic measurements and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy.

Arsenic sorption is the primary factor that affects the bioavailability and mobility of arsenic in soils. To elucidate the characteristics and mechanisms of arsenate, As(V), sorption on soils, a combination of sorption isotherms, zeta potential measurements, and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used to investigate As(V) sorption on two Chinese red soils. Arsenate sorption increased with increasing As(V) concentration and was insensitive to ionic strength changes at pH 6.

Effect of lead on the sorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on soil and peat.

The effect of lead on the sorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) on soil and peat was investigated using a batch equilibration method. Lead markedly diminished the sorption of 2,4,6-TCP, and 2,4,6-TCP had little effect on lead sorption. Peat was a more effective adsorbent for 2,4,6-TCP than soil.

Sorption of p-nitrophenol on two Chinese soils as affected by copper.

Heavy metals and organic contaminants often coexist in soils. However, very little information is available regarding the effect of metals on the sorption of organic contaminants onto soils and/or of organic contaminants on metal sorption. In the present study, the effect of Cu on the sorption of p-nitrophenol on two Chinese soils was investigated using a batch-equilibration method for three conditions: Copper and p-nitrophenol were sorbed simultaneously, either Cu orp-nitrophenol was sorbed previously, or the soil colloidal phase was removed in part previously.

Characterization of Pb, Cu, and Cd adsorption on particulate organic matter in soil.

Evidence exists for significant metal enrichment in particulate organic matter (POM) compared to other soil constituents, but the relevant mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, adsorption of the heavy metals Pb, Cu, and Cd on a loamy soil and on POM separated from this soil was investigated. The adsorption kinetic data can be well described with a pseudo-second order model, whereas the equilibrium data are well fitted by a Langmuir model.

Mechanisms of competitive adsorption of Pb, Cu, and Cd on peat.

Combined use of batch equilibration adsorption and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was employed to study the mechanisms of competitive adsorption of Pb, Cu, and Cd on Danish and Heilongjiang peat in single- and multi-solute systems. The adsorption capacity and initial adsorption rate on the same peat in single-solute systems followed the order Pb>Cu>Cd. Both the adsorbed amount of each metal (q'm) and its initial adsorption rate were decreased in multi-solute systems.

[Analysis of coping strategies of community population in Shenzhen].

Objective: To investigate the coping strategies of the community-based population in Shenzhen.

Methods: Totally 5,940 subjects from the communities in Shenzhen were sampled and tested with the Simplified Coping Style questionnaire.

Results: The most common coping strategies adopted by the community residents in Shenzhen were "consoling themselves" (33.

Effect of Nd3+ ion on carboxylation activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase of spinach.

Neodymium (Nd), as a member of rare earth elements, proved to enhance the photosynthesis rate and organic substance accumulation of spinach through the increase in carboxylation activity of Rubisco. Although the oxygenase activity of spinach Rubisco was slightly changed with the Nd(3+) treatment, the specific factor of Rubisco was greatly increased. It was partially due to the promotion of Rubisco activase (R-A) activity but mainly to the formation of Rubisco-Rubisco activase super-complex, a heavier molecular mass protein (about 1200kD) comprising both Rubisco and Rubisco activase.

[Effects of self-concept on test anxiety level among sophomores in a medical college].

Objective: To explore the effects of self-concept on the test anxiety among sophomores in a medical college.

Methods: Using the test anxiety questionnaire and English-learning self-concept scale, we examined the relationship between test anxiety and self-concept of the sophomores in a medical college.

Results: All the dimensions of self-concept were significantly related to test anxiety, among which the general self-concept, academic self-concept and English-learning self concept were important factors.

XAFS studies and computational simulation of calixcrowns-caesium complexes in solution.

Caesium L(3)-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) and EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) have been evaluated as means of probing the local structure and the interaction of caesium ions with BPC6 {1,3-alternate bis(2-propyloxy)calix[4]arenecrown-6}, BOC6 {1,3-alternate bis(octyloxy)calix[4]arenecrown-6} and BisC6 (1,3-alternate calix[4]arene bis-crown-6) in NPME (o-nitrophenyl methyl ether) or OA (n-octyl alcohol). The XANES results indicate that the molecular symmetry is enhanced as the caesium ions are embedded. The EXAFS spectra demonstrate that the coordination numbers (N) and average distances (R) from the central caesium ion to the O atoms are: for BPC6, N = 7.

[Effect of scalp acupuncture on glucose metabolism in brain of patients with depression].

Objective: To observe the effect of scalp acupuncture (SA) on the glucose metabolism in different regions of brain in patients with depression by positron emission computed tomography (PET).

Methods: Twelve depressive patients were treated by scalp acupuncture on middle line of vertex (MS5), middle line of forehead (MS1) and bilateral lateral line 1 of forehead (MS2), once a day for six days per week, and received PET detection on different region of brain before and after 6 weeks acupuncture treatment. Semiquantitative analysis was used to compare the average values of radioactive count gotten from various brain regions before and after treatment, which could reflect the condition of glucose metabolism at the brain region detected.

Organic acids promote the uptake of lanthanum by barley roots.

Organic acids play an important role in metal uptake by, and accumulation in, plants. However, the relevant mechanisms remain obscure. Acetic, malic and citric acids increased the uptake of lanthanum (La) by barley (Hordeum vulgare) roots and enhanced La content in shoots under hydroponic conditions.