Hierarchical classification for improving parcel-scale crop mapping using time-series Sentinel-1 data.

Parcel-scale crop classification utilizing time-series satellite observations is of significant importance in precision agriculture. The prior knowledge that crop types can be organized in a hierarchical tree structure is beneficial for improving crop classification. Moreover, the crop hierarchy aligns with the coarse-to-fine cognitive process of geographic scenes.

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients caused by down-regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor subunits.

Background: The expression pattern of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunits are commonly altered in patients with schizophrenia, which may lead to nerve excitation/inhibition problems, affecting cognition, emotion, and behavior.

Aim: To explore GABA receptor expression and its relationship with schizophrenia and to provide insights into more effective treatments.

Methods: This case-control study enrolled 126 patients with schizophrenia treated at our hospital and 126 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations at our hospital during the same period.

[Driving Factors Analysis for Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Organic Pollutants in the Yangtze River Delta Based on the Optimal-scale Geographical Detector].

Site contamination has caused serious harm to human health and the ecological environment, so understanding its spatial and temporal distribution patterns is the basis for contamination assessment and site remediation. For this reason, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution patterns of organic pollutants and their driving factors in the Yangtze River Delta based on site sampling data using the optimal-scale geographical detector. The analysis results showed that:① There was a significant scale effect in the spatial distribution of organic pollutants in the Yangtze River Delta, and its optimal geographic detection scale grid was 8 000 meters.

Signaling pathways and regulatory networks in quail skeletal muscle development: insights from whole transcriptome sequencing.

Quail, as an advantageous avian model organism due to its compact size and short reproductive cycle, holds substantial potential for enhancing our understanding of skeletal muscle development. The quantity of skeletal muscle represents a vital economic trait in poultry production. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms governing quail skeletal muscle development is of paramount importance for optimizing meat and egg yield through selective breeding programs.

Construction of n-type homogeneous to improve interfacial carrier transfer for enhanced photoelectrocatalytic hydrolysis.

Photoelectrocatalyzed hydrogen production plays an important role in the path to carbon neutrality. The construction of heterojunctions provides an ideal example of an oxygen precipitation reaction. In this work, the performance of the n-n type heterojunction CeBTC@FeBTC/NIF in the photoelectronically coupled catalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) reaction is presented.

Enzymatically Activatable Polymers for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment.

The irregular expression or activity of enzymes in the human body leads to various pathological disorders and can therefore be used as an intrinsic trigger for more precise identification of disease foci and controlled release of diagnostics and therapeutics, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Advanced synthesis strategies enable the preparation of polymers with enzymatically activatable skeletons or side chains, while understanding enzymatically responsive mechanisms promotes rational incorporation of activatable units and predictions of the release profile of diagnostics and therapeutics, ultimately leading to promising applications in disease diagnosis and treatment with superior biocompatibility and efficiency. By overcoming the challenges, new opportunities will emerge to inspire researchers to develop more efficient, safer, and clinically reliable enzymatically activatable polymeric carriers as well as prodrugs.

Dual-Functional Eu-Metal-Organic Framework with Ratiometric Fluorescent Broad-Spectrum Sensing of Benzophenone-like Ultraviolet Filters and High Proton Conduction.

The construction of attractive dual-functional lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) with ratiometric fluorescent detection and proton conductivity is significant and challenging. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) , namely, [Eu(HL)(SBA)(HO)]·9HO, has been hydrothermally synthesized with a dual-ligand strategy, using (4-carboxypiperidyl)--methylenephosphonic acid (HL = HOPCH-NCH-COOH) and 4-sulfobenzoic acid monopotassium salt (KHSBA = KOSCHCOOH) as organic linkers. showed ratiometric fluorescent broad-spectrum sensing of benzophenone-like ultraviolet filters (BP-like UVFs) with satisfactory sensitivity, selectivity, and low limits of detection in water/ethanol (1:1, v/v) solutions and real urine systems.

Recognition of maize seed varieties based on hyperspectral imaging technology and integrated learning algorithms.

Purity is an important factor of maize seed quality that affects yield, and traditional seed purity identification methods are costly or time-consuming. To achieve rapid and accurate detection of the purity of maize seeds, a method for identifying maize seed varieties, using random subspace integrated learning and hyperspectral imaging technology, was proposed. A hyperspectral image of the maize seed endosperm was collected to obtain a spectral image cube with a wavelength range of 400∼1,000 nm.

The role of epigenetic methylation/demethylation in the regulation of retinal photoreceptors.

Photoreceptors are integral and crucial for the retina, as they convert light into electrical signals. Epigenetics plays a vital role in determining the precise expression of genetic information in space and time during the development and maturation of photoreceptors, cell differentiation, degeneration, death, and various pathological processes. Epigenetic regulation has three main manifestations: histone modification, DNA methylation, and RNA-based mechanisms, where methylation is involved in two regulatory mechanisms-histone methylation and DNA methylation.

Phosphocholine-Functionalized Zwitterionic Highly Branched Poly(β-amino ester)s for Cytoplasmic Protein Delivery.

Proteins have tremendous potential for vaccine development and disease treatment, but multiple extracellular and intracellular biological barriers must be overcome before they can exert specific biological functions in the target tissue. The use of polymers as carriers would greatly improve their bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency. Nevertheless, effective protein packaging and cell membrane penetration without causing cytotoxicity is particularly challenging, due largely to the simultaneous distribution of positive and negative charges on protein surface.

(Controlled) Free radical (co)polymerization of multivinyl monomers: strategies, topological structures and biomedical applications.

Free radical (co)polymerization (FRP/FRcP) of multivinyl monomers (MVMs) has emerged as a powerful strategy for the synthesis of chemically and topologically complex polymers due to its unique reaction kinetics, which enables the preparation of polymers with multiple functional groups and novel macromolecular structures. However, conventional FRP/FRcP of MVMs inevitably leads to insoluble crosslinked materials. Therefore, the development of advanced strategies for the controlled polymerization of MVMs is essential for the preparation of chemically and topologically complex polymers.

Two Stable Cd-MOFs as Dual-Functional Materials with Luminescent Sensing of Antibiotics and Proton Conduction.

Construction and investigation of dual-functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with luminescent sensing and proton conduction provide widespread applications in clean energy and environmental monitoring fields. By selecting a phosphonic acid ligand 4-pyridyl-CHN(CHPOH) (HL) and coligand 2,2'-biimidazole (Hbiim), two cadmium-based MOFs [Cd(HL)(Hbiim)] () and (Hbiim)·[Cd(L)(Hbiim)Cl] () with different structures and properties have been hydrothermally synthesized by controlling reaction temperature. Based on the excellent thermal and chemical stabilities, and good luminescent stabilities in water solution, and can serve as luminescent sensors of chloramphenicol (CAP) with different quenching constant () values and detection limits (LODs) in water, simulated environmental system, and real fish water system.

A sensitive fluorescence biosensor based on metal ion-mediated DNAzyme activity for amplified detection of acetylcholinesterase.

In this paper, we developed an amplified fluorescence biosensor for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity detection by taking advantage of the mercury ion-mediated Mgzyme (Mg-dependent DNAzyme) activity. The catalytic activity of Mgzyme can be inhibited by the formation of T-Hg-T base pairs between the Mgzyme and mercury ions. Therefore, the Mgzyme-Hg complex has no activity on a molecular beacon (MB) substrate, which afforded a very weak fluorescence background for this biosensor.

Active Microstructure Transformation and Enhanced Stability of Iron Foam Derived from Industrial Water Oxidation.

Tracking microstructure transformation under industrial conditions is significant and urgent for the development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Herein, employing iron foam (IF) as an object, we closely monitor related morphologies and composition evolution under 300 mA cm at 40 °C (IF-40-)/80 °C (IF-80-) in 6 M KOH and find that the OER activity first increases and then decreases with the continuous generation of FeOOH. Moreover, the reasons for different tendencies of Tafel slope, double-layer capacitance, and impedance for IF-40-/IF-80- have been investigated thoroughly.

Boosting oxygen evolution by nickel nitrate hydroxide with abundant grain boundaries via segregated high-valence molybdenum.

High-valence metal doping and abundant grain boundaries (GBs) have been proved to be effective strategies to promote the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the reasonable design of the two to facilitate OER collaboratively is challenging. Herein, a convenient and novel one-step molten salt decomposition strategy is proposed to fabricate segregated-Mo doped nickle nitrate hydroxide with substantial GBs on MoNi foam (Mo-NNOH@MNF).

O3-Type NaNiTiO Layered Oxide as a Stable and High-Rate Anode Material for Sodium Storage.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are currently the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage devices owing to their low cost and abundant resources. Titanium-based layered oxides have attracted widespread attention as promising anode materials due to delivering a safe potential of about 0.7 V (vs Na/Na) and a small volume contraction during cycles; P2-type Ti-based layered oxides are typically reported, due to the challenging synthesis of the O3-type counterpart resulting from the high percentage of unstable Ti.

Dual-Functional Metal-Organic Framework for Luminescent Detection of Carcinoid Biomarkers and High Proton Conduction.

It remains a challenge to exploit dual-functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for applications, including luminescence detection and proton conduction. With the deliberate selection of the bifunctional organic ligand 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (NaHbts), and the phosphonic acid ligand ,'-piperazine (bismethylenephosphonic acid; HL), a robust three-dimensional (3D) noninterpenetrating dual-functional MOF, [Tb(HL)(Hbts)(HO)]·HO (), has been synthesized hydrothermally. On the basis of the excellent thermal and chemical as well as superior luminescence stabilities in water and solutions with different pHs, can serve as the simple, rapid, and highly selective and sensitive luminescence detection of the carcinoid biomarkers 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (HIAA) with detection limits of nanomolar magnitude in water and in simulated blood plasma and urine systems.