Physical-Matched Nanoplatelets Boost Heterogeneous Thrombi Targeting Through Self-Adaptive Deformation for Thrombolysis and Endothelial Repairing.

The heterogeneity of thrombi in terms of composition, structure, and blood rheology parameters presents a challenge for effective thrombus-targeting drug delivery. To address this, a self-adaptive nano-delivery system, termed D-PLT, is developed. It consists of platelet membrane-cloaked deformable mesoporous organic silicon dioxide nanocomposite, enabling it to respond to the challenge of the heterogeneity of thrombi in arteries and veins.

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via DNA Accumulation Boost Antitumor Dendritic Cell Vaccine Efficacy.

Radiated tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (RT-EVs) encapsulate abundant DNA fragments from irradiated tumor cells, in addition to acting as integrators of multiple tumor antigens. Accumulating evidence indicates these DNA fragments from damaged cells are involved in downstream immune responses, but most of them are degraded in cells before incorporation into derived RT-EVs, thus the low abundance of DNA fragments limits immune responses of RT-EVs. Here, this study found that different radiations affected fates of DNA fragments in RT-EVs.

Boron-Containing Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Effective Delivery and Targeting of Liver Cancer Cells for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.

Nanocarriers have been researched comprehensively for the development of novel boron-containing agents in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). We designed and synthesized a multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based boron-containing agent. The latter was coated with a lipid bilayer (LB) and decorated with SP94 peptide (SFSIIHTPILPL) on the surface as SP94-LB@BA-MSN.

Boron-Containing MOF Nanoparticles with Stable Metabolism in U87-MG Cells Combining Microdosimetry To Evaluate Relative Biological Effectiveness of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.

Accurate prediction of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is challenging. The therapy is different from other radiotherapy; the dynamic distribution of boron-containing compounds in tumor cells affects the therapeutic outcome considerably and hampers accurate measurement of the neutron-absorbed dose. Herein, we used boron-containing metal-organic framework nanoparticles (BMOFs) with high boron content to target U87-MG cells and maintain the concentration of the B isotope in cells.

A Bone-Penetrating Precise Controllable Drug Release System Enables Localized Treatment of Osteoporotic Fracture Prevention via Modulating Osteoblast-Osteoclast Communication.

Improving local bone mineral density (BMD) at fracture-prone sites of bone is a clinical concern for osteoporotic fracture prevention. In this study, a featured radial extracorporeal shock wave (rESW) responsive nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) is developed for local treatment. Based on a mechanic simulation, a sequence of hollow zoledronic acid (ZOL)-contained nanoparticles (HZNs) with controllable shell thickness that predicts various mechanical responsive properties is constructed by controlling the deposition time of ZOL and Ca on liposome templates.

3D culture boosting fullerenol nanoparticles to induce calreticulin exposure on MCF-7 cells for enhanced macrophage-mediated cell removal.

Calreticulin (CRT) on the cell surface that acts as an "eat me" signal is vital for macrophage-mediated programmed cell removal. The polyhydroxylated fullerenol nanoparticle (FNP) has appeared as an effective inducer to cause CRT exposure on cancer cell surface, but it failed in treating some cancer cells such as MCF-7 cells based on previous findings. Here, we carried out the 3D culture of MCF-7 cells, and interestingly found that the FNP induced CRT exposure on cells in 3D spheres via re-distributing CRT from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to cell surface.

Fabricated AIE-Based Probe to Detect the Resistance to Anoikis of Cancer Cells Detached from Tumor Tissue.

(1) Background: Resisting anoikis is a vital and necessary characteristic of malignant cancer cells, but there is no existing quantification method. Herein, a sensitive probe for assessing anoikis resistance of cancer cells detached from the extracellular matrix was developed based on the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of AIEgens. It has been reported that detached cancer cell endocytose activated integrin clusters, and in the endosome these clusters recruit and activate phosphorylate focal adhesion kinase (pFAK) in the cytoplasm to induce signaling that supports the growth of detached cancer cells.

NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR and EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 negatively regulate abscisic acid signaling by inhibiting Snf1-related protein kinase2 activity and stability in Arabidopsis.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key regulator of plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as drought. Abscisic acid receptors and coreceptors perceive ABA to activate Snf1-related protein kinase2s (SnRK2s) that phosphorylate downstream effectors, thereby activating ABA signaling and the stress response. As stress responses come with fitness penalties for plants, it is crucial to tightly control SnRK2 kinase activity to restrict ABA signaling.

The Dynamic Change of Immune Checkpoints and CD14+ Monocytes in Latent Tuberculosis Infection.

Controlling latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is important for preventing tuberculosis (TB). However, the immune regulation of LTBI remains uncertain. Immune checkpoints and CD14+ monocytes are pivotal for immune defense but have been scarcely studied in LTBI.

The Aggregation Induced Emission Probe of Detecting Enhanced Permeation and Retention Effects is Structured for Evaluating the Applicability of Nanotherapy to Different Tumor Individuals.

Enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, the mechanism by which nanodrugs accumulate in tumors and acquire superior curative effect. The questions of these mechanisms occur because of limited clinical transformation of engineered nanomaterials after 30 years. The difference of EPR limits the therapeutic effect of nanodrugs in the individual patient.

Genome-wide distribution and functions of the AAE complex in epigenetic regulation in Arabidopsis.

Heterochromatin is widespread in eukaryotic genomes and has diverse impacts depending on its genomic context. Previous studies have shown that a protein complex, the ASI1-AIPP1-EDM2 (AAE) complex, participates in polyadenylation regulation of several intronic heterochromatin-containing genes. However, the genome-wide functions of AAE are still unknown.

Correction: Modulated podosome patterning in osteoclasts by fullerenol nanoparticles disturbs the bone resorption for osteoporosis treatment.

Correction for 'Modulated podosome patterning in osteoclasts by fullerenol nanoparticles disturbs the bone resorption for osteoporosis treatment' by Kui Chen et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 9359-9365, DOI: 10.1039/D0NR01625J.

Modulated podosome patterning in osteoclasts by fullerenol nanoparticles disturbs the bone resorption for osteoporosis treatment.

Overactivation and excessive differentiation of osteoclasts (OCs) has been implicated in the course of bone metabolism-related diseases. Although fullerenol nanoparticles (fNPs) have been suggested to inhibit OC differentiation and OC function in our previous work, systemic studies on the effect of fNPs on bone diseases, e.g.

Intrinsic Biotaxi Solution Based on Blood Cell Membrane Cloaking Enables Fullerenol Thrombolysis .

We report the construction of blood cell membrane cloaked mesoporous silica nanoparticles for delivery of nanoparticles [fullerenols (Fols)] with fibrinolysis activity which endows the active Fol with successful thrombolysis effect . , Fols present excellent fibrinolysis activity, and the Fol with the best fibrinolysis activity is screened based on the correlation between Fols' structure and their fibrinolysis activity. However, the thrombolytic effect is not satisfactory.

The High Permeability of Nanocarriers Crossing the Enterocyte Layer by Regulation of the Surface Zonal Pattern.

The intestinal epithelium is a major barrier that limits the absorption of oral drugs. The integrity of the epithelial tissue is a very important factor for preventing intestinal diseases. However, destabilization of the epithelium can promote the transportation of nanocarriers and increase the absorption of oral drugs.

Carboxylated gold nanoparticles inhibit bone erosion by disturbing the acidification of an osteoclast absorption microenvironment.

Hyperactive osteoclasts (OCs) are a fundamental reason for excessive bone resorption and consequent osteoporosis that lead to one-third of the patients sustaining a fracture. OCs, with the help of acidifying vesicles containing vacuolar-type H-ATPase (V-ATPase), transport cytoplasmic protons into a resorptive pit and create an acidic microenvironment where proteolytic enzymes degrade the bone matrix. Here, we report a previously undescribed application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to inhibit excessive bone resorption by regulating the acidic microenvironment in which OCs resorb bone.

Epigenetic regulation in plant abiotic stress responses.

In eukaryotic cells, gene expression is greatly influenced by the dynamic chromatin environment. Epigenetic mechanisms, including covalent modifications to DNA and histone tails and the accessibility of chromatin, create various chromatin states for stress-responsive gene expression that is important for adaptation to harsh environmental conditions. Recent studies have revealed that many epigenetic factors participate in abiotic stress responses, and various chromatin modifications are changed when plants are exposed to stressful environments.

Microfluidic Analysis for Separating and Measuring the Deformability of Cancer Cell Subpopulations.

Increased deformability and softness endow tumor cells with highly invasive and metastatic capabilities. We exploited these characteristics to fabricate a high-throughput microfluidic device to measure cell deformability and separate cancer cells. Driven by hydrodynamic forces, the cells with better deformability passed through the chip faster, whereas stiffer cells passed through the device over a longer time period.

Exploring the Interaction of Fullerenol with Key Digestive Proteases Using Raman-Based Frequency-Shift Sensing and Molecular Simulation Analysis.

Fullerenol has been demonstrated to be a potential anticancer nanodrug thanks to its excellent antioxidant properties. In this work, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based frequency shift method is employed to explore the interaction between fullerenol and the key digestive proteases (pepsin and trypsin) in the gastrointestinal tract. A dynamic adsorption process of fullerenol on pepsin/trypsin has been monitored by our detection platform.

Small RNA Functions as a Trafficking Effector in Plant Immunity.

Small RNAs represent a class of small but powerful agents that regulate development and abiotic and biotic stress responses during plant adaptation to a constantly challenging environment. Previous findings have revealed the important roles of small RNAs in diverse cellular processes. The recent discovery of bidirectional trafficking of small RNAs between different kingdoms has raised many interesting questions.

Au Nanoparticles Attenuate RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Suppressing Pre-Osteoclast Fusion.

Osteoclasts are multinucleated terminal cells that originate from a hematopoietic monocyte/macrophage lineage. Excessive osteoclast formation in vivo can lead to bone metabolic diseases such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, and lytic bone metastases of cancer cells. Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) are inorganic nanoparticles with outstanding biocompatibility.

Highly Dispersed Fullerenols Hamper Osteoclast Ruffled Border Formation by Perturbing Ca Bundles.

Osteoporosis, a common and serious bone disorder affecting aged people and postmenopausal women, is characterized by osteoclast overactivity. One therapeutic strategy is suppressing the bone resorption function of hyperactive osteoclasts, but there is no effective drug in clinical practice so far. Herein, it is demonstrated that fullerenols suppress the bone resorption of osteoclasts by inhibiting ruffled borders (RBs) formation.

Nanoparticles with High-Surface Negative-Charge Density Disturb the Metabolism of Low-Density Lipoprotein in Cells.

Endocytosis is an important pathway to regulate the metabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in cells. At the same time, engineering nanoparticles (ENPs) enter the cell through endocytosis in biomedical applications. Therefore, a crucial question is whether the nanoparticles involved in endocytosis could impact the natural metabolism of LDL in cells.