Publications by authors named "Ya-li Hu"

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen for young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Most infections occur below 1 year of age, and almost all children have been infected before 2 years of age. Monoclonal antibodies targeting RSV, such as palivizumab and nirsevimab, are accessible for preventing infection.

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Adenovirus infections impose a significant disease burden on children and can result in poor clinical outcomes, thus requiring intensive care and potentially leading to fatality. We retrospectively analyzed pediatric adenovirus cases from 2018 to 2023 at a children's hospital in Taiwan and collected data regarding patients' clinical symptoms, imaging results, and laboratory findings. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of severe cases requiring intensive care.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen for young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Most infections occur below 1 year of age. RSV is also a significant viral pathogen for adults with respiratory tract infection.

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Background/aim: Critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rare but devastating complication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in children and adolescents. This study aimed to assess the risk factors for, and evaluate the vaccine effectiveness against, critical COVID-19 during the 2022 Omicron Surge in Taiwan.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 41 pediatric patients with critical COVID-19 (which required mechanical ventilation, inotropic agents, extracorporeal membrane oxygenator, or resulting in in-hospital death) and 793 with non-critical COVID-19 who were hospitalized at National Taiwan University Children Hospital during the 2022 Omicron Surge.

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Article Synopsis
  • Enterovirus infections were found in 17.4% of febrile infants under 90 days old at a Taiwanese hospital, with a notable 46% of those cases presenting severe neurological conditions like meningitis or encephalitis.
  • Infants infected within the first two weeks of life faced higher risks of severe complications, including anemia, ICU admission, and even mortality.
  • Key risk factors identified for severe outcomes were specific high-risk serotypes of enterovirus and low hemoglobin levels, suggesting the need for early testing in febrile young infants exhibiting these risks.
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the important pathogens leading to acute respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. We aimed to investigate the seasonality of RSV infection in different parts of Taiwan and to delineate the risk factors for severe RSV infections. We collected RSV-infected patients' data by retrospective chart review.

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  • Embryo implantation is a complex process that requires communication between the mother and the embryo, involving specific signaling pathways.
  • Research using single-cell RNA sequencing on uterine cells and bulk sequencing on embryos in pregnant mice revealed that estrogen-responsive luminal epithelial cells transform into adhesive and supporting cells under progesterone influence, aiding embryo attachment and growth.
  • The study highlights the similarities in this process between humans and mice, indicating that issues like thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure may stem from defects in these specialized epithelial cells.
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Background: Maternal transplacental antibody is an important origins of passive immunity against neonatal enterovirus infection. Echovirus 11 (E11) and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are important types causing neonatal infections. There were few investigations of enterovirus D68 (EVD68) infection in neonates.

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Ten spirocyclic polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAP), hunascynols A-J (1-10), and 12 known analogs were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum ascyron Linn. Compounds 1 and 2, which share a 1,2-seco-spirocyclic PPAP skeleton, could be derived from spirocyclic PPAP, with a common octahydrospiro[cyclohexan-1,5'-indene]-2,4,6-trione core, through a cascade of Retro-Claisen, keto-enol tautomerism, and esterification reactions. Aldolization of normal spirocyclic PPAP yielded 3, which has a caged framework with a 6/5/6/5/6 ring system.

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The sandwich stent technique is a commonly used method to preserve unilateral internal iliac artery flow when treating iliac artery aneurysm. In this case, covered stent grafts (Viabahn, Gore) were used to build the iliac limb of a sandwich stent. However, if Viabahn is released without long sheath protection, the trigger wire is easily wound on another stent, resulting in the Viabahn delivery system being inseparable from the stent.

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Carascynol A, an unprecedented 4/9/8 ring system hybrid with a peroxide bridge, was characterized from Hypericum ascyron. The architecture contains a caryophyllane-type moiety and a C unit derived from polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols. Its structure and absolute configuration were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction data.

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Background: Enterovirus A71 (EV A71) is one of the most important enteroviruses related to morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. This study aimed to analyse the secular trend of EV A71 in Taiwan from 1998 to 2020 and to evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures.

Methods: We collected the epidemiological data of EV A71 from disease surveillance systems in Taiwan.

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Article Synopsis
  • There is a need for effective strategies to reduce enterovirus (EV) transmission among children, as current scientific evidence on methods like case isolation and class suspension is limited.
  • The study involved isolating EV-infected children for seven days and suspending classes when multiple infections occurred in a week, comparing two groups: one with class suspension (group A) and one without (group B).
  • Results showed that group A had a significantly higher incidence of EV infection (median 14%) compared to group B (median 6%), indicating that targeted class suspension and isolation are effective in minimizing infection spread among children.
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Antimicrobial drug resistance is one of the major threats to global health. It has made common infections increasingly difficult or impossible to treat, and leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality. Infection rates due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are increasing globally.

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Objective: To evaluate the detection rate (DR) by prenatal cell-free DNA test for pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs)>2 Mb among pregnancies with fetal ultrasound abnormalities.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study on 29 pregnant women with fetuses diagnosed as microdeletion/microduplication syndromes by prenatal chromosome microarray analysis (CMA). Cell-free DNA from the maternal plasma was sequenced on the NextSeq CN500 sequencer.

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  • Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious disease found mainly in the Asia-Pacific region, with a mortality rate of 3% to 30%, and survivors often face long-term neuropsychiatric issues.
  • There is no antiviral treatment for JE; however, vaccination is key in preventing the disease, and its incidence has decreased over time, especially in regions with vaccination programs.
  • The current JE vaccines include inactivated Vero cell-derived, live-attenuated (SA14-14-2 strain), and live chimeric vaccines, all of which have good efficacy and safety, with common side effects being mild (like injection site reactions) and severe side effects being rare.
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1107/S1600536807044108.].

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Saldigones A-C (1, 3, 4), three new isoprenylated flavonoids with diverse flavanone, pterocarpan, and isoflavanone architectures, were characterized from the roots of Salvia digitaloides, together with a known isoprenylated flavanone (2). Notably, it's the first report of isoprenylated flavonoids from Salvia species. The structures of these isolates were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis.

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Article Synopsis
  • A total of 67 children under 18 were examined between 2009-2018, revealing that many had overlapping infections, with most showing clusters in households.
  • The study found high antibiotic resistance in H. influenzae, suggesting that recognizing concurrent infections like conjunctivitis and sinusitis can help doctors choose the right antibiotics effectively. *
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The root-associated bacterial microbiota is closely related to life activities of land plants, and its composition is affected by geographic locations and plant genotypes. However, the influence of plant genotypes on root microbiota in rice grown in northern China remains to be explained. In this study, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to generate bacterial community profiles of two representative rice cultivars, Nipponbare and IR24.

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Background/purpose: Early identification of pathogens causing bloodstream infection (BSI) is critical for prompt administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Methods: We used an in-house saponin-based extraction method to evaluate the performance of Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS system (MALDI Biotyper) for bacterial and fungal identification in 2013 positively-flagged VersaTREK blood culture bottles.

Results: A total of 180 monomicrobial and 23 polymicrobial positive blood cultures were investigated.

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Article Synopsis
  • Enterovirus D68 was first identified in 1962 and led to a significant outbreak in North America in 2014, with continued circulation in various countries like Taiwan.
  • While most cases result in mild respiratory illness, there are severe complications such as acute flaccid myelitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, indicating a serious public health threat.
  • Current treatment options for severe cases are limited, with no clear cure available, and management strategies recommended by the CDC vary, highlighting the need for better understanding and future research on Enterovirus D68.
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