Rotational inertia-induced glassy transition in chiral particle systems.

The dense active matter exhibits characteristics reminiscent of traditional glassy phenomena, yet the role of rotational inertia in glass dynamics remains elusive. In this study, we investigate the glass dynamics of chiral active particles influenced by rotational inertia. Rotational inertia endows exponential memory to particle orientation, restricting its alteration and amplifying the effective persistence time.

Emergence of macroscopic directional motion of deformable active cells in confined structures.

There is now growing evidence of collective turbulentlike motion of cells in dense tissues. However, how to control and harness this collective motion is an open question. We investigate the transport of deformable active cells in a periodically asymmetric channel by using a phase-field model.

Biolabel-led research pattern positions the effects and mechanisms of Sophorae Tonkinensis radix et rhizome on lung diseases: A novel strategy for computer-aided herbal medicine research based on omics and bioinformatics.

Previous studies have shown that Sophorae Tonkinensis radix et rhizome (ST) can be used to treat some lung diseases. However, the therapeutic potentials, therapeutic advantages, mechanism of action, and material basis of ST treatment of lung diseases remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to carry out an integrated analysis based on the biolabel-led research pattern.

Experimental Demonstration of a Dusty Plasma Ratchet Rectification and Its Reversal.

The naturally persistent flow of hundreds of dust particles is experimentally achieved in a dusty plasma system with the asymmetric sawteeth of gears on the electrode. It is also demonstrated that the direction of the dust particle flow can be controlled by changing the plasma conditions of the gas pressure or the plasma power. Numerical simulations of dust particles with the ion drag inside the asymmetric sawteeth verify the experimental observations of the flow rectification of dust particles.

Rectification of chiral active particles driven by transversal temperature difference.

Rectification of chiral active particles driven by transversal temperature difference is investigated in a two-dimensional periodic channel. Chiral active particles can be rectified by transversal temperature difference. Transport behaviors are qualitatively different for different wall boundary conditions.

Giant negative mobility of inertial particles caused by the periodic potential in steady laminar flows.

Transport of an inertial particle advected by a two-dimensional steady laminar flow is numerically investigated in the presence of a constant force and a periodic potential. Within particular parameter regimes, this system exhibits absolute negative mobility, which means that the particle can travel in a direction opposite to the constant force. It is found that the profile of the periodic potential plays an important role in the nonlinear response regime.

Effects of hydrodynamic interactions on rectified transport of self-propelled particles.

Directed transport of self-propelled particles is numerically investigated in a three-dimensional asymmetric potential. Beside the steric repulsive forces, hydrodynamic interactions between particles have been taken into account in an approximate way. From numerical simulations, we find that hydrodynamic interactions can strongly affect the rectified transport of self-propelled particles.

Chirality separation of mixed chiral microswimmers in a periodic channel.

Dynamics and separation of mixed chiral microswimmers are numerically investigated in a channel with regular arrays of rigid half-circle obstacles. For zero shear flow, transport behaviors are the same for different chiral particles: the average velocity decreases with increase of the rotational diffusion coefficient, the direction of the transport can be reversed by tuning the angular velocity, and there exists an optimal value of the packing fraction at which the average velocity takes its maximal value. However, when the shear flow is considered, different chiral particles show different behaviors.

Entropic ratchet transport of interacting active Brownian particles.

Directed transport of interacting active (self-propelled) Brownian particles is numerically investigated in confined geometries (entropic barriers). The self-propelled velocity can break thermodynamical equilibrium and induce the directed transport. It is found that the interaction between active particles can greatly affect the ratchet transport.

Rectification and diffusion of self-propelled particles in a two-dimensional corrugated channel.

Rectification and diffusion of noninteracting self-propelled particles is numerically investigated in a two-dimensional corrugated channel. From numerical simulations, we obtain the average velocity and the effective diffusion coefficient. It is found that the self-propelled particles can be rectified by the self-propelled velocity.

Interaction of multiarmed spirals in bistable media.

We study the interaction of both dense and sparse multiarmed spirals in bistable media modeled by equations of the FitzHugh-Nagumo type. A dense one-armed spiral is characterized by its fixed tip. For dense multiarmed spirals, when the initial distance between tips is less than a critical value, the arms collide, connect, and disconnect continuously as the spirals rotate.

Hydrodynamically enforced entropic Brownian pump.

Transport of overdamped Brownian particles in a finite hydrodynamical channel is investigated in the presence of the ac driving force and the pressure-driven flow. The system is bounded by two particle reservoirs. With the help of the Fick-Jacobs method, we obtain the directed current of Brownian particles and the pumping capacity of the system.

Particle diode: rectification of interacting Brownian ratchets.

Transport of Brownian particles interacting with each other via the Morse potential is investigated in the presence of an ac driving force applied locally at one end of the chain. By using numerical simulations, we find that the system can behave as a particle diode for both overdamped and underdamped cases. For low frequencies, the transport from the free end to the ac acting end is prohibited, while the transport from the ac acting end to the free end is permitted.

Transport in periodic potentials induced by fractional Gaussian noise.

Directed transport of overdamped Brownian particles driven by fractional Gaussian noises is investigated in asymmetrically periodic potentials. By using Langevin dynamics simulations, we find that rectified currents occur in the absence of any external driving forces. Unlike white Gaussian noises, fractional Gaussian noises can break thermodynamical equilibrium and induce directed transport.

Pattern formation controlled by time-delayed feedback in bistable media.

Effects of time-delayed feedback on pattern formation are studied both numerically and theoretically in a bistable reaction-diffusion model. The time-delayed feedback applied to the activator and/or the inhibitor alters the behavior of the nonequilibrium Ising-Bloch (NIB) bifurcation. If the intensities of the feedbacks applied to the two species are identical, only the velocities of Bloch fronts are changed.

Directed transport driven by Lévy flights coexisting with subdiffusion.

Transport of the Brownian particles driven by Lévy flights coexisting with subdiffusion in asymmetric periodic potentials is investigated in the absence of any external driving forces. Using the Langevin-type dynamics with subordination techniques, we obtain the group velocity which can measure the transport. It is found that the group velocity increases monotonically with the subdiffusive index and there exists an optimal value of the Lévy index at which the group velocity takes its maximal value.

Suppression of spirals and turbulence in inhomogeneous excitable media.

Suppression of spiral and turbulence in inhomogeneous media due to local heterogeneity with higher excitability is investigated numerically. When the inhomogeneity is small, control tactics by boundary periodic forcing (BPF) is effective against the existing spiral and turbulence. When the inhomogeneity of excitability is large, a rotating electric field (REF) is utilized to "smooth" regional heterogeneity based on driven synchronization.

[Experimental study of core binding factor a1 gene-modified rabbit skin fibroblasts enhance bone defect repair].

Objective: To investigate bone defect healing by true bone ceramic complex carrying core binding factor a1 (Cbfa1) gene modified rabbit skin fibroblasts.

Methods: Transfect rabbit skin fibroblasts (RSF) with both eukaryotic expression vector pSG5 which could express Cbfa1 gene and pSG5. After being cultured for 48 h, the transfected RSF were seeded into true bone ceramic (TBC) of 2 cm in length and 4 mm in diameter to construct pSG5-Cbfa1/RSF/TBC complex and pSG5/RSF/TBC complex.

[Measurement of molecular vibrational temperature in dielectric barrier discharge in argon/air at atmospheric pressure].

Vibrational temperature of N2 (C 3IIu) molecules in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in argon/air at atmospheric pressure, in which the water electrodes were employed, was measured by using a method of spectrum diagnosis. Emission spectral lines of the N2 second positive band system(C 3IIu --> B 3IIg) and the sequences of vibrational bands with deltav = -1, deltav = -2 and deltav = -3 were used in the calculation. The experiment results show that the molecular vibrational temperature of N2 is in the range from 1 938 K to 2 720 K, and it increases almost linearly with increasing the air content in gas mixture.

[Study on the microdischarge in dielectric barrier discharge by optical method].

The global light emission of dielectric barrier discharge with pattern mode in air was measured and compared with the global current obtained with a small resistor. The results show that the moments and the amplitudes of the pulses in light emission correspond to those in the global current, respectively. So the discharge current can be measured by optical methods.