Publications by authors named "Ya-Wen Yang"
Background: Colorectal cancer remains a major global public health challenge. Its incidence is shaped by a complex interplay of screening programmes and age, period and cohort factors.
Methods: We introduce a novel Age-Period-Cohort-Screening (APCS) model to analyse trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Taiwan from 2000 to 2019.
Metastasis contributes to the increased mortality rate of cancer, but the intricate mechanisms remain unclear. Cancer cells from a primary tumor invade nearby tissues and access the lymphatic or circulatory system. If these cells manage to survive and extravasate from the vasculature into distant tissues and ultimately adapt to survive, they will proliferate and facilitate malignant tumor formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe construction of mechanically responsive materials with reversible shape-shifting, shape-locking, and stretchability holds promise for a wide range of applications in fields such as soft robotics and flexible electronics. Here, we report novel thermoelastic one-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrids (R/S-Hmpy)PbI (Hmpy=2-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidinium) to show mechanical responses. The single crystals undergo two phase transitions at 310 K and 380 K.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPredicting Lung Cancer Survival to the Future: Population-Based Cancer Survival Modeling Study.
JMIR Public Health Surveill
May 2024
Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with late diagnoses often resulting in poor prognosis. In response, the Lung Ambition Alliance aims to double the 5-year survival rate by 2025.
Objective: Using the Taiwan Cancer Registry, this study uses the survivorship-period-cohort model to assess the feasibility of achieving this goal by predicting future survival rates of patients with lung cancer in Taiwan.
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant public health concern. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of fecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening on CRC incidence and mortality, leveraging the scale of over 1.5 million randomly selected Taiwanese and more than 11.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDouble perovskites (DPs) have attracted attention in the field of luminescence due to their inherent broadband emission of self-trapping excitons. In this work, we choose [(CH)NCHCHCH] and [CHCHOHCHNH] as organic cations to synthesize two new organic-inorganic hybrid DPs, [(CH)NCHCHCH]KInCl () and [CHCHOHCHNH]KInCl (). The [KCl] and [InCl] octahedra are interchangeably connected by sharing two opposite faces, forming a one-dimensional coordination chain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Asprosin, a protein hormone linked to metabolic diseases, was found to affect the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in a rat model of hypertension, indicating its potential role in cardiovascular diseases.
- The study showed that asprosin levels were higher in the VSMCs of hypertensive rats, and it promoted their proliferation and migration by increasing the activity of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and superoxide production.
- Knocking down asprosin reduced VSMC proliferation and migration, suggesting that targeting asprosin could help alleviate vascular remodeling and high blood pressure in hypertensive conditions.
Interleukin (IL)-23, an IL-12 cytokine family member, is a hierarchically dominant regulatory cytokine in a cluster of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. We review IL-23 biology, IL-23 signaling in IMIDs, and the effect of IL-23 inhibition in treating these diseases. We propose studies to advance IL-23 biology and unravel differences in response to anti-IL-23 therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The World Health Organization aims for the global elimination of cervical cancer, necessitating modeling studies to forecast long-term outcomes.
Objective: This paper introduces a macrosimulation framework using age-period-cohort modeling and population attributable fractions to predict the timeline for eliminating cervical cancer in Taiwan.
Methods: Data for cervical cancer cases from 1997 to 2016 were obtained from the Taiwan Cancer Registry.
Lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce), rare earth elements with physical properties similar to calcium (Ca), are generally considered non-toxic when used appropriately. However, their ions possess anti-tumor capabilities. This investigation explores the potential applications and mechanisms of LaCl or CeCl treatment in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Guselkumab is a human monoclonal antibody against IL-23 used in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. This post-hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of guselkumab in the Asian subpopulation of VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2 through 5 years.
Methods: The proportions of guselkumab-treated Asian patients (VOYAGE 1 and 2) achieving Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 90 and PASI 100, Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) scores of 0/1 and 0, and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores of 0/1 (week 100 through week 252) were assessed.
Background: Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by sterile pustules on the palms and soles. This study evaluated the epidemiology of PPP using claims and electronic health record (EHR) databases.
Methods: Patients coded for PPP in the United States (US) and Japan from 2016 to 2020 were identified.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess how effective guselkumab is for treating regional psoriasis in patients who self-reported having psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
- In the phase 3 VOYAGE-1 and -2 trials, moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients were split into groups to receive either guselkumab, a placebo, or adalimumab, and various psoriasis severity measures were evaluated over time.
- Results showed that patients treated with guselkumab had significantly better outcomes in multiple assessments, including skin improvement and quality of life, particularly at weeks 16 and 24 compared to those receiving placebo or adalimumab.
Article Synopsis
- Taiwan has one of the highest rates of upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) in the world, especially among women, but there has been no comprehensive long-term study on this issue.
- A nationwide analysis of UTUC incidence from 1985 to 2019 used data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry, breaking down the population into nine age groups to assess age-specific trends.
- The findings revealed a notable increase in renal pelvis cancer incidence, with women experiencing a higher rise than men, particularly in older age groups and among younger cohorts compared to older ones.
Article Synopsis
- Patients with psoriasis were randomly assigned to receive either guselkumab, adalimumab, or a placebo in the VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2 studies, focusing on difficult-to-treat psoriasis areas in an Asian subpopulation.
- At week 24, guselkumab showed significantly better results compared to adalimumab in achieving "clear" or "near clear" scores for scalp and hands/feet psoriasis, while improvements in nail psoriasis were similar between the two treatments.
- The study also indicated that guselkumab was more effective regardless of whether patients had prior biologic treatment, matching the results of the larger global population.
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes substantial physical, emotional and psychological burdens. Guselkumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the p19 subunit of interleukin-23, has demonstrated high levels of efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of guselkumab on the treatment of HS, a phase 2, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, proof-of-concept study was conducted.
Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with poor outcomes. TNBC lacks effective targeted treatments, and the development of drug resistance limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Guselkumab has shown positive safety and effectiveness in treating moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis based on results from several clinical trials.
- This analysis pooled data from seven phase II/III studies to evaluate the safety of guselkumab, focusing on patient outcomes during both placebo-controlled and longer follow-up periods.
- Findings indicated comparable rates of adverse events between guselkumab and placebo groups, with no significant safety concerns noted over the duration of the studies, suggesting its favorable safety profile.
Article Synopsis
- Long-term safety for patients using guselkumab to treat moderate-to-severe psoriasis is crucial, particularly regarding the risk of cancer.
- In a study involving 1721 patients, malignancy rates were monitored for up to 5 years, revealing low rates of cancer compared to general and psoriasis populations.
- The findings indicated that malignancy rates in guselkumab-treated patients were consistent with those expected in the general U.S. population, suggesting the treatment is relatively safe in this aspect.
Article Synopsis
- * A study analyzing data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry from 1997-2016 revealed that urban women had higher breast cancer rates than rural women, though rural rates increased more rapidly over time.
- * The research indicates that women born in 1992 faced significantly higher breast cancer risks compared to earlier cohorts, suggesting that urbanization and westernization may be contributing factors to changing incidence rates in Taiwan.
Article Synopsis
- * An analysis revealed that while lung adenocarcinoma rates are increasing, lung squamous cell carcinoma rates are declining, especially among women in recent birth cohorts.
- * Geographic hotspots for lung adenocarcinoma are predominantly found in northern, northeastern, and western coastal areas, with rising concerns over pollution contributing to these trends.