Roles of Lysyl Oxidase Family Members in the Tumor Microenvironment and Progression of Liver Cancer.

The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family members are secreted copper-dependent amine oxidases, comprised of five paralogues: LOX and LOX-like l-4 (LOXL1-4), which are characterized by catalytic activity contributing to the remodeling of the cross-linking of the structural extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM remodeling plays a key role in the angiogenesis surrounding tumors, whereby a corrupt tumor microenvironment (TME) takes shape. Primary liver cancer includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), ranked as the seventh most common cancer globally, with limited therapeutic options for advanced stages.

ABCG2 Overexpression Confers Poor Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Elderly Patients.

Unlabelled: Backgroung/Aim: Breast cancer resistance protein [BCRP/ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2)] is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, used as a maker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and thought to be responsible for drug resistance by pumping them out of cells. However, its precise role in various cancer types has been controversial, and the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of ABCG2 in hepacellular carcinoma (HCC) and relate the results to established prognostic factors.

Patients And Methods: We conducted analysis of 181 HCC and paired-match adjacent normal liver tissue by immunohistochemistry from tissue array of slides.

Renal tuberculosis presenting as a complicated renal cyst.

A 74-year-old woman presented with a 3-day history of fever and left flank pain. The imaging study revealed a huge complicated cyst in the left kidney. The cyst had a mass effect to the abdomen.