[Effect of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction on phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension].

This study aims to investigate the effect of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction on the phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs) in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH). Healthy SPF SD rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control group, hypoxia model group, hypoxia + low-dose Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction group(440 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), hypoxia + high-dose Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction group(880 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and hypoxia + sildenafil group(30 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), with right rats in each group. Rats in the hypoxia model and hypoxia + drug groups were exposed to a hypobaric oxygen chamber with a simulated altitude of 5 000 m to induce the PH model.

Integrated Omnidirectional Design of Non-Volatile Solid Additive Enables Binary Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 19.5 .

Solid additives have drawn great attention due to their numerous appealing benefits in enhancing the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). To date, various strategies have been reported for the selection or design of non-volatile solid additives. However, the lack of a general design/evaluation principles for developing non-volatile solid additives often results in individual solid additives offering only one or two efficiency-boosting attributes.

Improving an Alternative Glycerol Catabolism Pathway in Yarrowia lipolytica to Enhance Erythritol Production.

Engineering the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway could enhance erythritol production by accelerating glycerol uptake. However, little work has been conducted on the alternative dihydroxyacetone (DHA) pathway in Yarrowia lipolytica. Herein, this route was identified and characterized in Y.

Irisin in thyroid diseases.

Irisin, a hormone-like adipo-myokine, has garnered considerable attention in recent years for its potential impact in metabolic diseases. Its physiological effects are similar to those of thyroid hormones, prompting numerous investigations into potential correlations and interactions between irisin and thyroid function through various in vitro and animal experiments. However, existing studies suggest that the relationship between irisin and thyroid diseases is highly complex and multifaceted.

Novel insight into astrocyte-mediated gliotransmission modulates the synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a form of glial cell-based synaptic dysfunction disease in which glial cells interact closely with neuronal synapses and perform synaptic information processing. Glial cells, particularly astrocytes, are active components of the brain and are responsible for synaptic activity through the release gliotransmitters. A reduced density of astrocytes and astrocyte dysfunction have both been identified the brains of patients with MDD.

Efficacy of ginsenoside Rg1 on rodent models of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rationale: Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disease, and ginsenoside Rg1 is a bioactive compound extracted from the root of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.

Overexpression of arginase gene renders yeast acetic acid tolerance.

Acetic acid is a common inhibitor present in lignocellulose hydrolysate, which inhibits the ethanol production by yeast strains. Therefore, the cellulosic ethanol industry requires yeast strains that can tolerate acetic acid stress. Here we demonstrate that overexpressing a yeast native arginase-encoding gene, , renders acetic acid tolerance.

Function of autophagy genes in innate immune defense against mucosal pathogens.

Mucosal immunity is posed to constantly interact with commensal microbes and invading pathogens. As a fundamental cell biological pathway affecting immune response, autophagy regulates the interaction between mucosal immunity and microbes through multiple mechanisms, including direct elimination of microbes, control of inflammation, antigen presentation and lymphocyte homeostasis, and secretion of immune mediators. Some of these physiologically important functions do not involve canonical degradative autophagy but rely on certain autophagy genes and their 'autophagy gene-specific functions.

Intestinal tuft cell immune privilege enables norovirus persistence.

The persistent murine norovirus strain MNV is a model for human norovirus and enteric viral persistence. MNV causes chronic infection by directly infecting intestinal tuft cells, rare chemosensory epithelial cells. Although MNV induces functional MNV-specific CD8 T cells, these lymphocytes fail to clear infection.

Autophagy promotes efficient T cell responses to restrict high-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice.

Although autophagy sequesters Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in in vitro cultured macrophages, loss of autophagy in macrophages in vivo does not result in susceptibility to a standard low-dose Mtb infection until late during infection, leaving open questions regarding the protective role of autophagy during Mtb infection. Here we report that loss of autophagy in lung macrophages and dendritic cells results in acute susceptibility of mice to high-dose Mtb infection, a model mimicking active tuberculosis. Rather than observing a role for autophagy in controlling Mtb replication in macrophages, we find that autophagy suppresses macrophage responses to Mtb that otherwise result in accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and subsequent defects in T cell responses.

Potassium diformate alleviated inflammation of IPEC-J2 cells infected with EHEC.

Potassium diformate (KDF) is a kind of formate, which possesses the advantages of antimicrobial activity, growth promotion and preventing diarrhea in weaned piglets. However, the researches of KDF in animal production mostly focused on apparent indexes such as growth performance and the mechanisms of KDF on intestinal health have not been reported. Thus, porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) infected with Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) was used to investigate the role of KDF on alleviating intestinal inflammation in this study.

Regulatory mechanisms underlying yeast chemical stress response and development of robust strains for bioproduction.

Yeast is widely studied in producing biofuels and biochemicals using renewable biomass. Among various yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been particularly recognized as an important yeast cell factory. However, economic bioproduction using S.

Basic information about memantine and its treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other clinical applications.

Memantine is a noncompetitive moderate-affinity strong voltage-dependent N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. It has been used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) since 1989. In 2018, it became the second most commonly used drug for the treatment of dementia in the world.

Relationship between net primary productivity and stand age in typical plantation forests in China.

Plantation forests play an important role in carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems. Based on tree rings of five main plantation tree species (, , var. , and ) at 25 sites in China, we calculated the average annual NPP of standard trees in each study area by the biomass equations and extended to the stand scale.

[Effects of nanopolystyrene nanoplastic exposure on the development and neurotoxicity of fetal rats during gestation].

To investigate the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) exposure during gestation on the growth and neurotoxicity of fetal rats. Twenty-seven SD pregnant rats were randomly divided into 9 groups with three rats in each group. The experimental group of PS-NPs was given 0.

[Development of a widely-targeted metabolomics method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detectors are widely used detection instruments owing to their distinct advantages over other analytical techniques, including lower sample consumption, higher sensitivity, faster analysis speed, and simultaneous separation and analysis. Metabolomics is an important component of system physiology that concerns systematic studies of the metabolite spectrum in one or more biological systems, such as cells, tissues, organs, body fluids, and organisms. Unfortunately, conventional GC-MS detectors also feature low scan rates, high ion loss rates, and a narrow concentration detection range, which limit their applications in the field of metabolomics.