PHRF1 promotes the class switch recombination of IgA in CH12F3-2A cells.

PHRF1 is an E3 ligase that promotes TGF-β signaling by ubiquitinating a homeodomain repressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF). The suppression of PHRF1 activity by PML-RARα facilitates the progression of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). PHRF1 also contributes to non-homologous end-joining in response to DNA damage by linking H3K36me3 and NBS1 with DNA repair machinery.

Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Enhance T-Independent B Cell Response through a p38 MAPK-STAT1 Axis.

TLR signaling in B cells triggers their activation and differentiation independent of help from T cells. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) cooperate with B cells to boost TLR-stimulated T-independent humoral immunity; however, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that in the mouse system, the adjuvant effects of pDCs also occurred following challenge with pathogens and that follicular (FO) B cells were more sensitive to pDC-induced enhancement than were marginal zone (MZ) B cells.

Insight into molecular information of Huolinguole lignite obtained by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and statistical methods.

Rationale: Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was applied to the characterization of organic compounds in coal extracts at the molecular level. Large volumes of data obtained by FT-ICR MS were processed via statistical methods to extract valuable information on the molecular structures and compositions of organic compounds in coal.

Methods: A low-rank coal was subjected to ultrasonic extraction sequentially with six solvents to separate and enrich species with different molecular characteristics.

Analysis of soluble components in coals and interpretations for the complex mass spectra.

Rationale: The deduction of useful information from the mass spectra of a complex mixture like coals remains difficult, which limits the clean and efficient utilization of coals. It is necessary to explore the data interpretation methods for mass spectra and visualize the analytical data of coals for industrial utilization such as feedstock selection.

Methods: Coal sample and methanol were mixed and heated to 310 °C and kept at that temperature for 2 h.