[Characteristics, Sources Apportionment, and Health Risks of PM-bound PAHs and Their Derivatives Before and After Heating in Zibo City].

Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives are a global problem that influences the environment and threatens human health. To investigate the characteristics, sources, and health risk assessment of PM-bound PAHs and their derivatives, PM were collected at an urban site in Zibo from November 5 to December 26, 2020, and the concentrations of 16 conventional PAHs, nine NPAHs, and five OPAHs in PM were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Source apportionment of PAHs and their derivatives was conducted using diagnostic ratios and a PMF model, and the health risks of PAHs and their derivatives to adult men and women were evaluated using the source-dependent incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model.

[Agricultural Ammonia Emission Inventory and Its Distribution in Xining City].

Based on the field research activity level, the emission inventory of agricultural ammonia in Xining City in 2018 was established using the emission factor method. The emission characteristics of agricultural ammonia in Xining City were analyzed, a spatial grid distribution of 3 km×3 km was carried out by ArcGIS, and an uncertainty analysis of the ammonia emission inventory of livestock and poultry breeding and nitrogen fertilizer application was carried out via Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that the total amount of ammonia emissions from agricultural sources in Xining City in 2018 was 4644.

[Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Carbon Components in Road Dust in Anshan].

In order to study the characteristics and sources of carbon fractions in PM in road dust in Anshan, road dust samples were collected from nine roads in Anshan in October 2014 and re-suspended on filters using a NK-ZXF sampler to obtain PM samples. A thermal optical carbon analyzer (IMPROVE-TOR) was employed to measure the mass fraction of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM. The results showed that (TC) in PM in road dust was 9.

[Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Carbon Components in Road Dust PM and PM During Spring in Tianjin Derived by Using the Quadrat Sampling Method].

In order to study the characteristics and sources of carbon fractions in PM and PM of road dust in Tianjin, samples of road dust were collected by the quadrat sampling method in April 2015 in Tianjin, and samples were re-suspended on filters by using a NK-ZXF sampler. A Thermal Optical Carbon Analyzer (IMPROVE-TOR) was employed to measure the concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), and the pollution characteristics and sources were investigated by non-parametric tests and OC/EC ratio, correlation, and cluster analyses. The results showed that (total carbon, TC) in PM of road dust amounted to 4.

[Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Water-soluble Ions in PM During Winter in Panjin].

In order to study the characteristics and source of water-soluble ions in PM in Panjin, PM samples were collected at three sites in January of 2017, and the levels of eight ions (Na, Mg, Ca, K, NH, SO, Cl, and NO) were determined by ICS-900 ion chromatograph. The characteristics of PM, the water-soluble ion concentration, SOR and NOR calculation, and ion balance calculation were investigated, and a principal component analysis was conducted. The results showed that the concentration of PM and water-soluble ions followed a descending sequence of park > development zone > the second middle school.

[Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Water-soluble Inorganic Ions in Road Dust PM During Spring in Tianjin Using the Quadrat Sampling Method].

In order to collect comprehensive information regarding the characteristics and sources of the water-soluble inorganic ions in road dust (RD) PM in Tianjin, samples of road dust were collected in April 2015 in Tianjin, and then re-suspended on filters using a NK-ZXF sampler. The concentrations of the major water-soluble inorganic ions were analyzed by ion chromatography. A correlation analysis, ratio method, and principal component analysis were used to analyze the sources of RD PM.

[Characteristics of Elements in PM and PM in Road Dust Fall During Spring in Tianjin].

To explore the element pollution characteristics and sources of road dust fall, road dust fall samples were collected during spring in Tianjin and suspended to obtain PM and PM, 16 elements were analyzed, and then their characteristics, sources, and similarities were studied by nonparametric tests, the coefficient of divergence, and enrichment factor. The results showed that the mass fraction (1%-20%) in sequential order of the elements in PM and PM in Tianjin road dust fall were Si > Al > Ca > Fe > Mg > K > Na. The coefficient of divergence of elements in PM and PM was 0.

[Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Water-soluble Inorganic Ions in Road Dust PM in Selected Cities in Liaoning Province].

In order to collect comprehensive information on the characteristics and sources of water-soluble inorganic ions in road dust (RD) PM in Liaoning Province, samples of road dust were collected in 2014 and 2016 in Anshan and Panjin and then re-suspended on filters using an NK-ZXF sampler. The concentrations of the major water-soluble inorganic ions were analyzed by ion chromatography. A correlation analysis, ratios, and a principal component analysis were used to analyze the sources of RD.

[Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components in PM During Autumn and Winter in Panjin City].

In order to study the pollution characteristics and sources of carbon in Panjin City during autumn and winter, PM samples were collected at three monitoring points in October 2016 and January 2017. Pollution characteristics and sources of carbon components in PM were analyzed by the OC/EC ratio method, EC tracer method, and principal component analysis method. The results showed that the PM concentration exceeded the ambient air quality standard (GB 3095-2012) and that the average concentrations of OC and EC were 10.

[Determining the concentration of coating solution attaching to honeycomb denuder in summer in Tianjin].

The study on determining the concentration of coating solution attaching to honeycomb denuder was conducted, from 1 July to 31 August, 2013, at the roof of Lihua building at Nankai University in Tianjin. The results of experiment showed that the optimized concentration of sodium carbonate coated on the honeycomb denuder was 3%, and the optimized concentration of citric acid was 6%. The contrast sampling results of PM2.

[Carbon source apportionment of PM2.5 in Chongqing based on local carbon profiles].

PM2.5 was sampled from commercial, industrial and residential areas in Chongqing urban city from 2nd May to 10th May 2012 in order to find out characteristics and sources of carbon in PM2.5.

[Estimation of the effect derived from wind erosion of soil and dust emission in Tianjin suburbs on the central district based on WEPS model].

Due to the lack of a prediction model for current wind erosion in China and the slow development for such models, this study aims to predict the wind erosion of soil and the dust emission and develop a prediction model for wind erosion in Tianjin by investigating the structure, parameter systems and the relationships among the parameter systems of the prediction models for wind erosion in typical areas, using the U.S. wind erosion prediction system (WEPS) as reference.

[Estimation of the effect derived from Tianjin suburban wind erosion open source on central district].

In some Chinese cities air pollution is serious, and the major pollutant is still PM10. The source apportionment results show: wind erosion dust is an important source of particulate matter. So the contribution of this source should be calculated.