Rutin Synergizes with Colistin to Eradicate Salmonellosis in Mice by Enhancing the Efficacy and Reducing the Toxicity.

The wide dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria poses a significant global health and security concern. As developing new antibiotics is generally costly, fastidious, and time-consuming, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies to address the gap in antibiotic discovery void. This study aimed to investigate the activity of colistin (CS) in combination with a natural product, rutin (RT), to combat against Typhimurium ( Tm) in vitro and in vivo.

Metabolic disruption exacerbates intestinal damage during sleep deprivation by abolishing HIF1α-mediated repair.

Sleep deprivation (SD) has been reported to induce intestinal damage by several mechanisms, yet its role in modulating epithelial repair remains unclear. In this study, we find that chronic SD leads to colonic damage through continuous hypoxia. However, HIF1α, which generally responds to hypoxia to modulate barrier integrity, was paradoxically dysregulated in the colon.

Contrasting impacts of fertilization on topsoil and subsoil greenhouse gas fluxes in a thinned Chinese fir plantation.

Globally, forest soils are considered as important sources and sinks of greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, most studies on forest soil GHG fluxes are confined to the topsoils (above 20 cm soil depths), with only very limited information being available regarding these fluxes in the subsoils (below 20 cm soil depths), especially in managed forests. This limits deeper understanding of the relative contributions of different soil depths to GHG fluxes and global warming potential (GWP).

Two new chemical constituents from the aerial parts of .

has been historically employed as a conventional botanical insecticide and a plant of medicinal significance. A new dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene () and a new acyclic compound (), along with seven known compounds (), have been isolated from the aerial parts of . The identification of the structures of novel compounds were accomplished through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, encompassing HRESIMS, NMR, UV, IR, and a comparative analysis with spectroscopic data from compounds previously characterised.

The complexity of heatwaves impact on terrestrial ecosystem carbon fluxes: Factors, mechanisms and a multi-stage analytical approach.

Extreme heatwaves have become more frequent and severe in recent decades, and are expected to significantly influence carbon fluxes at regional scales across global terrestrial ecosystems. Nevertheless, accurate prediction of future heatwave impacts remains challenging due to a lack of a consistent comprehension of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. We approached this knowledge gap by analyzing the complexity factors in heatwave studies, including the methodology for determining heatwave events, divergent responses of individual ecosystem components at multiple ecological and temporal scales, and vegetation status and hydrothermal environment, among other factors.

[Effect of Fire-deposited Charcoal on Soil Organic Carbon Pools and Associated Enzyme Activities in a Recently Harvested Plantation Subjected to Broadcast Burning].

Charcoal is a carbonaceous particulate matter with a highly aromatic structure produced by incomplete combustion, and it can cause persistent long-term effects on soil ecological functions. In this study, we determined soil organic carbon pools and associated enzyme activities following five years of different charcoal treatments[charcoal removal (B), charcoal retained in situ (B), and the addition of charcoal removed from B(B)] and the unburnt control (UB) in a recently harvested plantation subjected to broadcast burning. The results showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), coarse and fine particulate organic carbon (CPOC and FPOC), and recalcitrant carbon (RC) contents were significantly lower in B than those in UB soil (<0.

Two new pregnane glycosides from the root of .

Two new pregnane glycosides ( and ), together with four known ones (- ), were isolated from the roots of Royle ex Wight (Asclepiadaceae). On the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical method, the structures of new compounds were characterized to be metaplexigenin 3---D-cymaropyranosyl- (1→4)--L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)--D-cymaropyranoside (), metaplexigenin 3---L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)--D-cymaropyranoside (). All the isolated compounds (-) were tested for their inhibitory activity against the growth of human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116.

Effect of leaves damaged by and insect frass on soil priming effect.

Insect herbivory in the forest canopy leads to a large amount of damaged leaves and frass input to soil, with consequence on soil carbon cycle. However, the influence of damaged leaves and frass from insect canopy herbivory on the soil priming effect is unclear. We examined the effects of leaf litter, leaf damage caused by , and insect frass on soil priming effect by using the C natural abundance technique.

Effects of Chinese fir planting and phosphorus addition on soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities.

Plants can alter soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities related with carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), through litter and root exudates, with consequences on soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (P) cycling. However, it is not well known how the changes in soil phosphorus availability affect the relationships between plants and soil microorganisms. In this study, a factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Chinese fir () planting and different levels of P addition (0, 1.

Two new aryltetralin-type lignans from husk.

Two new aryltetralin-type lignans () were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction of 95% ethanol extract of fruit husk. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configurations of compounds - were determined by the comparison of measured ECD curves with the quantum chemical calculated ones. The new compounds were tested for their antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines (Huh-7, H460 and MCF-7).

Two new chemical constituents from the stem and branch of .

A chemical investigation of 95% ethanol extract from the stem and branch of has resulted in the isolation and characterization of two new compounds, one neolignan () and one phenylalanine derivative (), as well as four known compounds (). The structures of the new compounds were determined based on extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of compound was defined by X-ray crystallographic analyses and electronic circular dichroism calculation.

ARSCP: An antimicrobial residue surveillance cloud platform for animal-derived foods.

Antibiotics have been widely used for improving human and animal health and well-being for many decades. However, the enormous antibiotic usage in agriculture especially for livestock leads to considerable quantities of antibiotic residues in associated food products and can reach potentially hazardous levels for consumers. Therefore, timely detection and systematical surveillance on residual antibiotics in food materials are of significance to minimize the negative impact caused by such unwanted antibiotic leftovers.

[Effects of addition of leaf litter with different chemical properties on soil organic carbon mineralization and priming effect].

Litter inputs can affect the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, it is yet unknown how the input of leaf litter with different chemical properties drives SOC mineralization and priming effect. In this study, C-labeled leaf litter of six tree species were added to soil cores (10 cm depth) collected from a natural secondary forest in subtropical region.

[Effects of addition of organic carbon with different chemical structure on the fate and accumulation of exogenous carbon in red and sandy soils].

Plant litter input has important influences on soil CO emission and soil organic carbon (SOC) formation in terrestrial ecosystem. However, it is not well known for the fate of carbon when exogenous organic matters with different chemical structures are added to soil with different textures. In this study, we added the uniformly C-labelled substrates of glucose, starch, and cellulose to red soil and sandy soil, and compared the net C accumulation and recovery and its proportions in soil releasing CO, SOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) pools.

Undescribed abietane-type diterpenoids and oleanane-type triterpenoids from the stem and branch of Tripterygium wilfordii.

Six undescribed abietane-type diterpenoids (tripterydinoids A-F) and five undescribed oleanane-type triterpenoids (tripterytrinoids A-E) were obtained and determined from the stem and branch of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (Celastraceae).

Diverse dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene derivatives from the stem and branch of Tripterygium wilfordii.

Ten new dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene polyol esters, tripterdines A-J (1-10) were isolated from the stem and branch of Tripterygium wilfordii. The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including UV, IR, HRESIMS, NMR, and CD exciton chirality method. The structures of compounds 1, 3, and 6 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analyses.

[Soil Enzyme Stoichiometric Characteristics of Plantations at Different Stand Ages in Mid-subtropical Areas].

Soil enzyme activity is an important index to characterize the nutrient requirements and nutrient limitations of soil microorganisms. In this study, plantations of different stand ages (9, 17, 26, 34, and 43 a) in mid-subtropical China were taken as the research object; the activities of -glucosidase (BG), -acetyl--glucosaminidase (NAG), leucine amino-peptidase (LAP), acid phosphatase (AP), polyphenol oxidase (POX), and peroxidase (POD) were determined; and soil enzyme stoichiometric ratios were also calculated to investigate the soil microbial nutrient limitations of plantation development. The results showed that the activities of BG, NAG, AP, POX, and POD were enhanced with the increase in stand age, and the activity of LAP was the lowest at 17 a, which showed a significant difference and fluctuated among the neighboring stand ages.

Effects of aboveground and belowground litter inputs on the balance of soil new and old organic carbon under the typical forests in subtropical region.

Litter is one of the most important factors controlling the accumulation, stabilization, and turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC) in forests. There is a knowledge gap of the impacts of aboveground and belowground litter inputs on the balance of new and old SOC under different forests in subtropical region. We examined the effects of aboveground and belowground litter inputs on SOC turnover using isotopic tracing technique, based on a 3-year C3 plants/C4 soil replacement experiment in natural forest (NF), Masson pine () plantation (PM) and Chinese fir () plantation (CL).

The re-sequencing of complete chloroplast genome of (Lauraceae) from Quanzhou, China.

is a precious species for its significance of timber. It is also the main component of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. We report a chloroplast genome of from Quanzhou, China.

Variability of soil carbon and nitrogen stocks after conversion of natural forest to plantations in Eastern China.

Forest plantation, either through afforestation or reforestation, has been suggested to reverse and mitigate the process of deforestation. However, uncertainties remain in the potential of plantation forest (PF) to sequestrate carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compared to natural forest (NF). Soil C and N stocks require a critical and updated look at what is happening especially in the context of increasing rate of land use change and climate change.

Effects of land use change from natural forest to plantation on C, N and natural abundance of C and N along a climate gradient in eastern China.

Soil C and N turnover rates and contents are strongly influenced by climates (e.g., mean annual temperature MAT, and mean annual precipitation MAP) as well as human activities.