Itaconate facilitates viral infection via alkylating GDI2 and retaining Rab GTPase on the membrane.

Metabolic reprogramming of host cells plays critical roles during viral infection. Itaconate, a metabolite produced from cis-aconitate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) by immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1), is involved in regulating innate immune response and pathogen infection. However, its involvement in viral infection and underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Lack of Hierarchical Survival Prognosis in AJCC Staging for Colon and Rectal Cancer-Implications for Future Summary Stage Classification.

Background: Current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging for colorectal cancer utilizes TNM framework groups disease based on extent and provides prognostic information, ideally with a hierarchical logic. We sought to evaluate survival as a function of stage within the 8 edition AJCC staging system for colon and rectal cancer.

Methods: Patients with primary colon or rectal cancer diagnosed 2010-2016 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Multimodal Deep Learning Fusing Clinical and Radiomics Scores for Prediction of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Lymph Node Metastasis.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop and validate a multimodal deep learning (DL) model based on computed tomography (CT) images and clinical knowledge to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) in early lung adenocarcinoma.

Materials And Methods: A total of 724 pathologically confirmed early invasive lung adenocarcinoma patients were retrospectively included from two centers. Clinical and CT semantic features of the patients were collected, and 3D radiomics features were extracted from nonenhanced CT images.

The effect of a new thinking guidance of OPACCUS for shock on the 30-day mortality: A multicenter, prospective, observational, cohort study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether our new thinking guidance named OPACCUS (oxygen metabolism, perfusion, arterial tension, cardiac output, systemic congestion, unregulated host response and search for inciting illness event) with 7 questions you need to ask before shock therapy and evidences provided by critical ultrasound considering hemodynamics, the unregulated host response and inciting illness event would improve mortality in shock patients.

Design: A multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study.

Setting: Intensive care units of 20 hospitals in Southwest China.

A faulty simulation model guided Ramanujan Digital twin architecture for rotating machine health monitoring.

The conventional widely-used health monitoring methods for rotating machines have shortcomings such as the reliance on the selection of the preset parameters. Also, the strong noise interference caused by factors such as transmission path hinders the practical application of many fault feature extraction methods. To overcome these gaps, the digital twin notion is introduced and a new digital twin architecture called the Ramanujan Digital Twin (RDT) is designed.

Histone Deacetylase 9 Deletion Inhibits Hepatic Steatosis and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Male Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Aim: The goal of this study was to determine the role of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) in the development of diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunctions.

Methods: We fed male and female mice with global Hdac9 knockout (KO) and their wild-type (WT) littermates an obesogenic high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol (35%/34%/2%, w/w) diet for 20 weeks.

Results: Hdac9 deletion markedly inhibited body weight gain and liver steatosis with lower liver weight and triglyceride content than WT in male mice but not females.

Interplay of Chromatin Remodeling BAF Complexes in Mouse Embryonic and Epiblast Stem Cell Conversion and Maintenance.

Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from pre-implantation and post-implantation embryos, respectively. These cells are capable of interconversion through manipulation of key transcription factors and signaling pathways. While BAF chromatin remodeling complexes are known to play crucial roles in ESC self-renewal and pluripotency, their roles in EpiSCs and their interconversion with ESCs remain unclear.

Effects of TGase on the rheological behaviors, structural properties and molecular forces of cowpea protein isolate and cowpea albumin gels.

The effects of TGase on hardness, water holding capacity (WHC), molecular forces, structural properties, microstructure and rheological behaviors of TGase-induced cowpea protein isolate gel (T-CPIG) and cowpea albumin gel (T-CPAG) were investigated. TGase significantly increased the hardness of gels and the most stable three-dimensional network structures were formed by adding 20 U/g and 28 U/g. Not only the non-network structure proteins of gels and free sulfhydryl groups were fewer but also the β-fold and β-angle relative contents were higher than cowpea protein isolate (CPI) and cowpea albumin (CPA).

Treatment and Survival Disparities in Asian Americans With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Need to Disaggregate a Diverse Cohort.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the United States and globally. The Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) population has often been studied as one homogenous cohort despite its heterogeneity. We aim to understand differences in treatment modality and mortality among AANHPI patients with early-stage HCC.

Similarities and differences in physiological adaptation to cadmium interactions with nitrogen levels between two aquatic iris life forms in urban wetlands.

Plants play a key role in the ecological restoration of urban wetlands. Previous studies have shown that heavy-metal accumulation capacities and adaptation strategies of wetland plants may be related to their life forms. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) on the adaptation strategies of two evergreen and deciduous aquatic iris life forms under cadmium (Cd) stress.

Inflammation mediates the adverse effects of urinary phthalate exposure on metabolic disease risk: Results from NHANES 2005-2016.

Background: Phthalates are a category of chemicals commonly utilized in various industrial applications and everyday products. Their associations with health issues remains a significant concern. Although some studies have suggested associations between phthalates and metabolic diseases, the current understanding of the associations is still limited, especially the lack of effects of mixed exposure.

Dissolved oxygen depletion in Chinese coastal waters.

Estuarine and coastal environments have experienced dissolved oxygen (DO hereafter) depression and hypoxia due to increasingly intensified anthropogenic eutrophication and climate warming. This review compared diverse systems in Chinese coastal waters that experience DO depletion or hypoxia, aiming to identify essential aspects in advancing the abilities in comprehensively understanding DO dynamics across systems that span wide ranges of physical and biogeochemical environments. The coastal DO depression and relevant ecological consequences around the world are generally overviewed.

Niche and interspecific association of dominant zooplankton species near the Taishan coastal area in the South China Sea.

Marine zooplankton communities represent one of the most diverse and abundant species groups on earth. To investigate the ecological niche characteristics and interspecific interactions of marine zooplankton, and to elucidate their role in carbon deposition and biogeochemical cycling, we conducted a study on the zooplankton community near Taishan in the South China Sea between December 2015 and September 2016. Using niche breadth, niche overlap, the variance ratio method, chi-square tests, and linkage coefficients, we analyzed the interrelationships among the major zooplankton species.

Yield of clinical metagenomics: insights from real-world practice for tissue infections.

Background: While metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been acknowledged as a valuable diagnostic tool for infections, its clinical validity and impact on patient management when using fresh tissue samples remains uncertain.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study involving patients who underwent tissue mNGS at a tertiary hospital in China from February 2021 to February 2024, aiming to assess its ability to detect plausible pathogens and its clinical validity and impact.

Findings: A total of 520 mNGS results from 508 patients were analysed, detecting plausible pathogens in 302 (58.

Urbanization enhances consumer protist-driven ARGs dissemination in riverine ecosystems.

Despite the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs), how biological inter-trophic interactions, modulated by watershed urbanization, shape the resistome remains unexplored. We collected water samples from the highly urbanized (western: 65 % built land, sewage-affected) and lesser-urbanized (northern: 25 % built land, drinking water source) downstream tributaries of the Jiulong River in southeast China over dry and wet seasons. We utilized metagenomic and amplicon (16S and 18S rDNA) sequencing to investigate the relationships among microeukaryotic algae, consumer protists, bacterial communities, and the resistome.

Distributed nonconvex optimization subject to globally coupled constraints via collaborative neurodynamic optimization.

In this paper, a recurrent neural network is proposed for distributed nonconvex optimization subject to globally coupled (in)equality constraints and local bound constraints. Two distributed optimization models, including a resource allocation problem and a consensus-constrained optimization problem, are established, where the objective functions are not necessarily convex, or the constraints do not guarantee a convex feasible set. To handle the nonconvexity, an augmented Lagrangian function is designed, based on which a recurrent neural network is developed for solving the optimization models in a distributed manner, and the convergence to a local optimal solution is proven.

Environmental fates of thiophosphate and triazole fungicides in a paddy-dominated basin.

Under the widespread use backgrounds of fungicides in paddy-dominated basin, the neglect of fungicide environmental fates may aggravate their pollution risks. By integrating field detection with model simulation, we quantified the loss loads and explored the environmental fates of one thiophosphate and five triazole fungicides. Based on the experimental results, we simulated fungicide loss loads with the coefficient of determination of the verification results greater than 0.

An oral probiotic vaccine loaded by Lactobacillus casei effectively increases defense against GCRV infection in grass carp.

For a long time, grass carp culture in China has been severely affected by Grass Carp hemorrhagic disease caused by Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV). At present, vaccines have been widely used for protecting aquatic organisms against infectious diseases, among which oral immunization with Lactobacillus casei is safe and highly effective. This vaccination route has the advantages of easy administration and noninvasive delivery.

Light intensity-regulated glycogen synthesis and pollutant removal in microalgal-bacterial granular sludge for wastewater treatment.

As light intensity plays a pivotal role in the microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) process, understanding its impact on system performance and energy dynamics is essential. This study investigated the effects of varying light intensities (20, 100, 200, and 300 μ mol/m²/s) on the performance of MBGS in urban wastewater treatment, with a particular focus on glycogen accumulation and pollutant removal. The results demonstrated that light intensity significantly influenced microbial community structure, glycogen accumulation, and pollutant removal efficiency.

Soybean bioactive peptide supplementation improves gut health and metabolism in broiler chickens.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of soybean bioactive peptide (SBP) on the growth performance and intestinal health of yellow-feathered broilers and to further elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of intestinal health using multi-omics analysis. A total of 320 1-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into two groups, with 10 replicates per group and 16 birds per replicate. Broilers in the control group received the basal diet, and those in the experimental group (SBPG) received the basal diet with 0.

Research note: Proteomics profiling reveal key proteins in egg white emulsification.

Egg white proteins are widely recognized as excellent natural emulsifiers, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their emulsification properties remain incompletely understood, particularly regarding the roles of individual proteins in complex natural systems. Using 4D-label-free quantitative proteomics, we systematically investigated protein dynamics during egg white emulsification by comparing egg white (EW) and the aqueous phases of egg white emulsions (EWE-W). Proteomic analysis identified 96 distinct proteins, with 64 showing significant abundance changes during emulsification.

Study on the antioxidant and antiosteoporotic activities of the oyster peptides prepared by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis.

In this study, the effects of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis on the production of antioxidant and antiosteoporotic peptides derived from oysters were investigated. Results showed that ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis significantly enhanced the peptide content, free radical scavenging ability, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of total oyster protein hydrolysate (TOPH), with optimal results achieved at 200 W (TOPH-200). Correspondingly, ultrasound treatment at 200 W increased the exposure of hydrophobic regions, reduced α-helix content, and facilitated the generation of small molecular weight peptides in TOPH.

Effects of various sterilization treatments on the structural and functional alterations of the epigallocatechin-3-gallate-casein complex.

The effects of dairy sterilization techniques (65 °C/30 min, 72 °C/15 s, 85 °C/15 s, 100 °C/5 min, and 121 °C/5 s) on the epigallocatechin-3-gallate-casein (EGCG-CS) complexes were investigated through the structural and functional characteristics in this work. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) detection showed the redshirting of the absorption peak suggested structural changes in the amide I area. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and viscosity measurements proved that treatments above 85 °C broke non-covalent bonds, leading to instability and low viscosity of EGCG-CS.

Incidence, presentation, and outcomes of intracranial hemorrhage in left ventricular assist device patients.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the etiology, natural history, and impact of surgical intervention on outcomes of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients presenting with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods: The authors completed a retrospective review of LVAD patients who presented with ICH at 2 centers between 2013 and 2022. Patients were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and radiographic variables.