Clinical and radiologic outcomes of the modified phemister procedure with coracoclavicular ligament augmentation using mersilene tape versus hook plate fixation for acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

Background: The clinical superiority of surgical treatment for acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of the modified Phemister procedure with CC ligament augmentation using Mersilene tape to those of hook plate fixation for acute AC joint dislocation.

Methods: In this study, patients who received modified Phemister surgery with CC ligament augmentation using Mersilene tape (PM group) or hook plate fixation (HK group) for acute unstable AC joint dislocation with a minimum 5-year follow-up period were retrospectively reviewed.

Improvement of lower-extremity stability by rotational leg press training.

Backgrounds: Previous reports revealed that balance and stability are essential for human physical activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the comparative outcome of a novel beginning movement load training (BMLT) versus conventional leg press training in terms of improvement of lower-extremity stability.

Research Question: Does the leg press training improve the stability of lower extremities?

Methods: Twenty adult, asymptomatic and active amateur basketball players were enrolled in this study and randomized in equal numbers into a BMLT group (study group) and a conventional leg press training group (control group).

Inferior outcome of rotator cuff repair in chronic hemodialytic patients.

Background: Repair of rotator cuff tears has yielded excellent functional outcomes in recent decades; however, poor outcomes and dissatisfaction have been noted in specific groups. Spontaneous tendon rupture has been reported in patients receiving long-term hemodialysis owing to alteration of tendon structure, which might impede functional recovery after rotator cuff repair. The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical outcomes between hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis patients after rotator cuff repair.

Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Calcified and Noncalcified Shoulder Tendinosis: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) had been proved to be beneficial in calcific tendinosis; however, the treatment efficacy in noncalcific tendinosis of rotator cuff still remains controversial. The present study was to compare the outcomes ESWT among the noncalcific rotator cuff tendinosis and different types of calcific tendinosis on the basis of similar shoulder functional status.

Methods: A retrospective, comparative study was conducted with the enrollment of 20 patients in each group through propensity score matching in a 1:1:1 ratio from 291 patients who underwent single ESWT for painful shoulder tendinosis.

Outcomes and factors of elbow arthroscopy upon returning to sports for throwing athletes with osteoarthritis.

Background: Elbow arthroscopy had good functional outcome for throwing athletes. Returning to sports is a major concern for all athletes, but only a few reports have investigated the clinical factors related to the duration of returning to sports. The present study evaluates the efficacy of elbow arthroscopic surgery on throwing elbows with osteoarthritis and defines the clinical factors related to the duration of the returning to sports.

Comparative outcomes of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for shoulder tendinitis or partial tears of the rotator cuff in athletes and non-athletes: Retrospective study.

Background: Refractory shoulder tendinitis or partial thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) are common findings in overhead athletes. Previous studies have examined the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for shoulder tendinitis.

Materials And Methods: In the current study, we recruited 36 shoulders and performed a comparison between the professional athletes (13 shoulders, athletic group; AG) and the non-athletic population (23 shoulders, non-athletic group, NAG) with PTRCTs or shoulder tendinitis of the shoulder after ESWT.

Cancer stem cell marker CD90 inhibits ovarian cancer formation via β3 integrin.

Cancer stem cell (CSC) markers have been identified for CSC isolation and proposed as therapeutic targets in various types of cancers. CD90, one of the characterized markers in liver and gastric cancer, is shown to promote cancer formation. However, the underexpression level of CD90 in ovarian cancer cells and the evidence supporting the cellular mechanism have not been investigated.

Dosage effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in early hip necrosis.

Background: This study investigated the effects of different dosages of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in early osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three patients (42 hips) were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (10 patients with 16 hips) received 2000 impulses of ESWT at 24 Kv to the affected hip.

Long-term outcomes of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for chronic foot ulcers.

Background: Recent studies showed that extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is effective in the treatment of chronic foot ulcers in short term. However, the long-term effects of ESWT in chronic foot ulcers are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of ESWT in chronic foot ulcers with 5-y follow-up.

Long-term results of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and core decompression in osteonecrosis of the femoral head with eight- to nine-year follow-up.

Background: This study analyzed the long-term outcomes of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and core decompression for early osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) with 8- to 9-year follow-up.

Methods: The study cohort consisted of 48 patients with 57 hips including 23 patients with 29 hips in the ESWT group and 25 patients with 28 hips in the surgical group. Patients in ESWT group received shockwave therapy to the affected hip.

Molecular changes in diabetic foot ulcers.

Aim: This study investigated the molecular changes of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in chronic diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods: A cohort study consisted of 39 patients (44 ulcers) in the ESWT group and 38 patients (40 ulcers) in the HBOT group with similar demographic characteristics. The ESWT group received shockwave therapy twice per week for total six treatments.

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy shows chondroprotective effects in osteoarthritic rat knee.

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on the subchondral bone and articular cartilage in the initiation of osteoarthritis of the knee in rats.

Methods: Anterior cruciate ligament transected (ACLT) osteoarthritis (OA) rat knee model was used in this study. Twenty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups.

Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a comparative study of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Objective: This study compared the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in chronic diabetic foot ulcers.

Patients And Methods: The ESWT group (39 patients/44 feet) received shockwave therapy twice per week for total six treatments. The HBOT group (38 patients/40 feet) received hyperbaric oxygen therapy daily for total 20 treatments.

Extracorporeal shockwave shows regression of osteoarthritis of the knee in rats.

Background: This study investigated the effects of extracorporeal shockwave technology (ESWT) in osteoarthritis of the knee in rats.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups with 12 rats in each group. Group I was the control group and received neither anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) nor ESWT.

pCMV-BMP-2-transfected cell-mediated gene therapy in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rabbits.

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of plasmid cytomegalovirus (pCMV)-bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) gene therapy on the healing of the tendon-bone interface after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in rabbits.

Methods: The pCMV-BMP-2 was synthesized from full-length human BMP-2 complementary deoxyribonucleic acid, followed by cloning into pCMV Script vector (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., San Jose, CA), and was delivered by a xenogeneic (rat kidney) cell line.

VEGF modulates angiogenesis and osteogenesis in shockwave-promoted fracture healing in rabbits.

Objective: Strong vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of osteoprogenitors was found in callus site during fracture healing. The aim of this study was to investigate whether VEGF modulates the angiogenesis and osteogenesis in shockwave-promoted fracture healing in rabbits.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven Japanese rabbits were used in the study.

The effects of shockwave on systemic concentrations of nitric oxide level, angiogenesis and osteogenesis factors in hip necrosis.

This study investigated the effects of shockwave on systemic concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) level, angiogenic and osteogenic and anti-inflammatory factors in hips with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Thirty-five patients (47 hips) with ONFH were enrolled in this study. Each hip was treated with 6,000 impulses of shockwave at 28 kV in a single session.

The effect of shock wave treatment at the tendon-bone interface-an histomorphological and biomechanical study in rabbits.

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effect of shock wave treatment on the healing at tendon-bone interface in rabbits.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study. The anterior cruciate ligament was excised and replaced with the long digital extensor.

Nitric oxide mediates ultrasound-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha activation and vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression in human osteoblasts.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important regulator for angiogenesis and endochondral bone formation. Although low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) has been recently used for accelerating fracture healing, the effect of US stimulation on angiogenic factor production by osteoblasts remains undetermined. Here, we found that US elevation of VEGF-A expression in human osteoblasts to be mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha).

Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinase in shock wave-promoted bone formation of segmental defect in rats.

Extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) have recently been used in bone repair. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinase are found to act as important mediators for osteogenic factor and mechanical-stimulated proliferation and differentiation of bone-forming cells. A previous study reported that ESW promoted healing of segmental defects in rats by inducing bone morphogenetic proteins (Bone 32 (2003) 387-396) and stimulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Ras induction of superoxide activates ERK-dependent angiogenic transcription factor HIF-1alpha and VEGF-A expression in shock wave-stimulated osteoblasts.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) released by osteoblasts plays an important role in angiogenesis and endochondral ossification during bone formation. In animal studies, we have reported that shock waves (SW) can promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through superoxide-mediated signal transduction (Wang, F. S.