Metabolite abnormalities in psychosis risk: A meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.

Accumulating evidence implicates that individuals at high-risk of psychosis have already exhibited pathophysiological changes in brain metabolites including glutamate, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), N-Acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), myo-inositol (MI) and choline (Cho). These changes may contribute to the development of schizophrenia and associate with psychotic genes. However, specific metabolic changes of brain sub-regions in individuals at risk have still been controversial.

The effects of working memory training on enhancing hedonic processing to affective rewards in individuals with high social anhedonia.

Anhedonia is a core feature of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and is less responsive to antipsychotic medication. Little is known whether anhedonia could be alleviated by cognitive training. The present study aimed to examine whether hedonic deficits observed in individuals with high social anhedonia could be reduced by working memory (WM) training.

The neuroplastic effect of working memory training in healthy volunteers and patients with schizophrenia: Implications for cognitive rehabilitation.

We conducted an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to quantitatively review the existing working memory (WM) training studies that investigated neural activation changes both in healthy individuals and patients with schizophrenia. ALE analysis of studies in healthy individuals indicates a widespread distribution of activation changes with WM training in the frontal and parietal regions, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the medial frontal cortex and the precuneus, as well as subcortical regions such as the insula and the striatum. WM training is also accompanied by activation changes in patients with schizophrenia, mainly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the precuneus and the fusiform gyrus.