Copper-Catalyzed Cycloaddition/Coupling Cascades of Azomethine Imines with Alkynes for Divergent Synthesis of ()-Alkenyl and Alkynyl ,-Bicyclic Pyrazolidinones.

Copper-catalyzed cycloaddition/coupling cascades utilizing azomethine imines and alkynes have been developed for the divergent synthesis of ()-alkenyl and alkynyl ,-bicyclic pyrazolidinones by varying the reaction conditions. The choice of inert or oxidative atmosphere plays a crucial role in determining the transformation pathways. These reactions have broad substrate scopes and mild conditions, making them potentially useful.

Anisotropic Single-Crystal Proton Conduction in a Sodium Chain-Based Coordination Polymer.

Coordination polymers (CPs) have been identified as promising candidate materials in the field of proton conduction owing to their customizable and diverse structures. However, research on CPs based on alkali metal ions has been less advanced, and the mechanism of proton transport in these materials remains unclear. Herein, a new coordination polymer, [Na(pytet)(Hdat)(HO)]·2HO (abbreviated as ) (pytet = pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrasulfonate, dat = 2-hydroxy-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine), has been synthesized based on the starting materials of Napytet and 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, with the latter undergoing in situ transformation to dat under hydrothermal conditions.

Cascade Cyclization of -Cyanamide Alkenes for the Divergent Synthesis of Azido-, Nitro-, and Alkenyl-Containing Pyrroloquinazolinones.

Radical cascade cyclizations of -cyanamide alkenes have been developed for the divergent synthesis of pyrroloquinazolinones bearing azido, alkenyl, and nitro groups by controlling the reaction conditions. The reaction temperature and the loading of the base play important roles in the different reaction pathways. These reactions are characterized by wide functional group compatibility and mild conditions.

The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by restricted, repetitive behavioral patterns and deficits in social interactions. The prevalence of ASD has continued to rise in recent years. However, the etiology and pathophysiology of ASD remain largely unknown.

Prelimbic cortex-nucleus accumbens core projection positively regulates itch and itch-related aversion.

Itch is one of the most common clinical symptoms in patients with diseases of the skin, liver, or kidney, and it strongly triggers aversive emotion and scratching behavior. Previous studies have confirmed the role of the prelimbic cortex (Prl) and the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC), which are reward and motivation regulatory centers, in the regulation of itch. However, it is currently unclear whether the Prl-NAcC projection, an important pathway connecting these two brain regions, is involved in the regulation of itch and its associated negative emotions.

Three-Dimensional Polyoxometalate Organic Frameworks with One-Dimensional Channels Constructed by Multiple Helical Chains Based on 22-Core Ln/Mn/Mo Clusters for Proton Conduction.

Two unique 22-core sandwich {[MnMoO]Ln[MnMoO]} (Ln = La or Pr) units have been assembled, featuring an undisclosed {MnMo} cluster. This assembly is subsequently integrated into two three-dimensional polyoxometalate organic frameworks, which exhibit one-dimensional hydrophilic hexagonal channels formed by six intertwined 6 helical chains, leading to effective proton conduction primarily facilitated by an abundance of water molecules within the channels.

Oxidative cascade cyclization of -arylacrylamides with TMSN.

An azido-radical-triggered cyclization of -(-cyanobiaryl)acrylamides with TMSN a C(sp)-N/C(sp)-C(sp)/C(sp)-N bond formation cascade is described. This reaction features mild conditions and high bond-forming efficiency, making it an efficient method for the construction of azide-substituted pyridophenanthridines.

[Gender differences in antidepressant effect of raw Rehmanniae Radix].

For the first time, this study evaluated the gender differences and mechanisms of the antidepressant effects of raw Rehmanniae Radix(RRR) based on the classic depression model with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat. The depression model with Yin deficiency and internal heat was established by the widely recognized and applied method of thyroxine induction of the classic depression model with Yin deficiency and internal heat(chronic unpredictable mild stress). Male and female mice were simultaneously treated with RRR.

Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the comprehensive breastfeeding knowledge scale (CBKS).

Background: The level of breastfeeding knowledge of nursing students may influence their ability to support breastfeeding families. However, to date, it has not been possible to measure this accurately due to the lack of existence of a validated tool in Chinese.

Objectives: To translate the Comprehensive Breastfeeding Knowledge Scale (CBKS) into Chinese, and then evaluate its psychometric properties among Chinese undergraduate nursing students in order to inform and evaluate a nursing breastfeeding education programme.

N-N-Bridged Polynuclear POM-Based Coordination Polymers Based on a V-Type Ligand: Proton Conduction and Magnetism.

The construction of polyoxometalate (POM)-based coordination polymers, in the presence of a nitrogen heterocyclic ligand, is intriguing due to the potential for obtaining diverse structures. These structures exhibit extensive application possibilities in the fields of proton conductivity and magnetism. Herein, four new POM-based polynuclear coordination polymers with the formulas of {[Fe(btb)(HO)(SiWO)]·3HO} (), {[Cd(btb)(HO)(HPMoMoO)]·2HO} (), {[Co(OH)(btb)(HO)(HPMoMoO)]·7HO} (), and {[Cu(OH)(btb)(HO)(HPMoO)]·6HO} () have been prepared using the V-type 1,3-bis(4-1,2,4-triazole-4-yl)benzene (btb) ligand.

Visible-Light-Promoted Cascade Cyclization of 3-Ethynyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-Carbonitriles with Unsaturated α-Bromocarbonyls.

A visible-light-promoted cascade cyclization of 3-ethynyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carbonitriles with unsaturated α-bromocarbonyls for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[]cyclopenta[]acridines is described. Three C(sp)-C(sp) bonds, one C(sp)-N bond, and three cycles can be formed in a single reaction through the addition of a C-centered radical to the carbon-carbon triple bond and three radical cyclizations. This reaction features mild conditions, wide substrate scope, and high bond-forming efficiency.

Cost-effectiveness of sacituzumab govitecan versus chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: The effectiveness of sacituzumab govitecan for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been reported in recent research, however, the value of the effectiveness and cost of sacituzumab govitecan is still unclear.

Methods: A microsimulation model was developed using data from the ASCENT trial to assess the cost-effectiveness of sacituzumab govitecan for patients with relapsed or refractory metastatic TNBC over a lifetime. Model inputs, including clinical data, patient characteristics, and direct medical costs, were based on the ASCENT trial, public databases, and published literature.

Azido-difluoromethylthiolation of Alkenes with TMSN and PhSOSCFH.

An oxidative azido-difluoromethylthiolation of alkenes by employing TMSN as the azide source and PhSOSCFH as the difluoromethylthiolation reagent is reported. The present method is characterized by good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and short reaction time, thereby providing an efficient access to synthetically useful β-difluoromethylthiolated azides. Mechanistic studies indicate a radical pathway involved in the reaction.

Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Multicomponent Reaction of Azides, Alkynes, and Selenium: Synthesis of Ditriazolyl Diselenides.

A copper-catalyzed cascade multicomponent reaction for synthesizing ditriazolyl diselenides from azides, terminal alkynes, and elemental selenium has been developed. The present reaction features utilizing readily available and stable reagents, high atom-economy, and mild reaction conditions. A possible mechanism is proposed.

Cost-effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibition and targeted treatment in combination as adjuvant treatment of patient with BRAF-mutant advanced melanoma.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted treatments have improved the health outcomes of patients with advanced melanoma. However, due to the high cost of novel therapies, it is crucial to evaluate their value by considering both effectiveness and cost. To compare the cost-effectiveness of these novel agents (atezolizumab-vemurafenib-cobimetinib, vemurafenib-plus-cobimetinib, dabrafenib-plus-trametinib, and encorafenib-plus-binimetinib) for first-line treatment of metastatic melanoma with the BRAF mutation.

Oxidative Dehydrogenative Coupling of Thiols with Alkanes for the Synthesis of Sulfoxides.

An oxidative dehydrogenative coupling of thiols with alkanes via direct C(sp)-H bond functionalization to form a new C-S bond and S═O double bond was developed. The present reaction features the use of readily available reagents and high step- and atom-efficiency, thus providing an efficient access to sulfoxides. A possible mechanism is proposed.

Downregulation of DDIT4 ameliorates abnormal behaviors in autism by inhibiting ferroptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disease with unclear etiology. Studies have shown that ferroptosis is also related to ASD progression, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Valproic acid (VPA) induced neuronal ferroptosis in vitro.

Association between type 1 diabetes and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: Type 1 diabetes and neurodevelopmental disorders are common chronic conditions in childhood and adolescence, and having one may lead to an increased chance of developing the other. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is mainly manifested by elevated blood glucose, while neurodevelopmental diseases are composed of a variety of diseases, which are relatively complex. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to find out the prevalence of type 1 diabetes-related neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents and to explore the potential association between neurodevelopmental disorders and type 1 diabetes.

Ultrastable Polyoxometalate-Encapsulated Supramolecular Metal-Organic Nanotubes for Single-Crystal Proton Conduction.

Two unique polyoxometalate (POM)-encapsulated tubular materials with the formula K(HO)[M(btp)(HO)](PWO)(Hbtp)(btp)·52HO [M = Mn () and Co (); btp = 2,6-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridine] were designed and synthesized based on the Dawson POM and V-type btp ligand, as confirmed by IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and element analysis. Single-crystal XRD analyses of compound show that two kinds of remarkable metal-organic supramolecular nanotubes, including trigonal and hexagonal nanotubes, are constructed along the -axis direction via π···π-packing interactions between {Mn(btp)} rings and the btp ligands, of which [α-PWO] anions are confined in channels, making the entire structure extraordinarily stable. Meanwhile, the coordinated [α-PWO] anion within the hexagonal channel makes the channel highly hydrophilic and attracts a number of guest water molecules to fill in the free space, conducive to proton transport.

Free Radical Cascade Carbochloromethylations of Activated Alkenes.

Free radical carbochloromethylations of cyanoarylacrylamides and -(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides have been developed by employing simple alkyl chlorides as the chloromethyl source. The transformations are characterized by wide functional group compatibility and utilizing readily available reagents, thus providing efficient methods for constructing polychloromethyl-substituted quinoline-2,4-diones and α-aryl-β-polychloromethylated amides.

Cost-Effectiveness of Nivolumab Plus Cabozantinib Versus Sunitinib as a First-Line Treatment for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma in the United States.

In a recent randomized, phase 3 trial (CheckMate 9ER), nivolumab combined with cabozantinib significantly improved patient outcomes compared with sunitinib. However, the cost-effectiveness of these novel agents for untreated advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) remains unknown. We constructed a microsimulation decision-analytic model to measure the healthcare costs and outcomes of nivolumab plus cabozantinib compared with those of sunitinib for patients with aRCC.

Cost-Effectiveness of Frontline Treatment for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Era of Immunotherapies.

Recent randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve patient outcomes, but whether these novel agents are cost-effective for untreated advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) remains unclear. A microsimulation model was created to project the healthcare costs and outcomes of six strategies (lenvatinib-plus-pembrolizumab, nivolumab-plus-cabozantinib, nivolumab-plus-ipilimumab, pembrolizumab-plus-axitinib, avelumab-plus-axitinib, and sunitinib monotherapy) for patients with aRCC. Transition probability of patients was estimated from CLEAR, CheckMate 9ER, CheckMate 214, KEYNOTE-426, JAVELIN Renal 101, and other data sets by using parametric survival modeling.