Swing limb detection using a convolutional neural network and a sequential hypothesis test based on foot pressure data during gait initialization in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

. Start hesitation is a key issue for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) during gait initiation. Visual cues have proven effective in enhancing gait initiation.

Optimizing rehabilitation strategies in Parkinson's disease: a comparison of dual cognitive-walking treadmill training and single treadmill training.

Dual cognitive-walking treadmill training (DTT), designed to replicate real-life walking conditions, has shown promise effect in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aims to compare the effects of DTT versus single treadmill training (STT) on cognitive and walking performance under both single and dual task conditions, as well as on fall, patients' subjective feeling, and quality of life. Sixteen individuals with PD were randomly assigned to DTT or STT group and underwent 8 weeks of training.

Responsiveness and construct validity of two outcome measures of bilateral upper limb function in patients with chronic stroke.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability among stroke survivors. Despite the availability of numerous stroke rehabilitative therapies, such as mirror therapy, bilateral arm training, and robot-assisted therapy, the recovery of motor function after stroke remains incomplete. Bilateral arm function is a key component in stroke patients to perform activities of daily living and to reflect their functional autonomy.

Arriba por la Vida Estudio: a randomized controlled trial promoting standing behavior to reduce sitting time among postmenopausal Latinas.

Postmenopausal Hispanic/Latina (N = 254) women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m were randomized to an intervention to reduce sitting time or a comparison condition for 12 weeks. The standing intervention group received three in-person health-counseling sessions, one home visit, and up to eight motivational interviewing calls. The heart healthy lifestyle comparison group (C) received an equal number of contact hours to discuss healthy aging.

Myoelectric, Myo-Oxygenation, and Myotonometry Changes during Robot-Assisted Bilateral Arm Exercises with Varying Resistances.

Robot-assisted bilateral arm training has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving motor function in individuals post-stroke, showing significant enhancements with increased repetitions. However, prolonged training sessions may lead to both mental and muscle fatigue. We conducted two types of robot-assisted bimanual wrist exercises on 16 healthy adults, separated by one week: long-duration, low-resistance workouts and short-duration, high-resistance exercises.

Laser-light cueing shoes with integrated foot pressure and inertial sensing for investigating the impact of visual cueing on gait characteristics in Parkinson's disease individuals.

Gait disorders are a fundamental challenge in Parkinson's disease (PD). The use of laser-light visual cues emitted from shoes has demonstrated effective in improving freezing of gait within less restrictive environments. However, the effectiveness of shoes-based laser-light cueing may vary among individuals with PD who have different types of impairments.

Laser-light Visual Cueing Shoes with Foot Pressures and Inertial Sensing for Individuals with Parkinson's Disease.

Gait disorder is a core problem in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), including bradykinesia, shuffling steps, festinating gait, and freeze of gait (FOG). Laser-light visual cueing has been demonstrated to be efficient in the mediation of gaits and the reduction in number of FOG episodes. However, previous approaches commonly adopted independent controls of visual cueing on left and right sides which was prone to produce two cues while individual was not in normal walking.

Event-related brain potentials reveal enhancing and compensatory mechanisms during dual neurocognitive and cycling tasks.

Background: Various neurocognitive tests have shown that cycling enhances cognitive performance compared to resting. Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by an oddball or flanker task have clarified the impact of dual-task cycling on perception and attention. In this study, we investigate the effect of cycling on cognitive recruitment during tasks that involve not only stimulus identification but also semantic processing and memory retention.

CRISPR editing demonstrates rs10490924 raised oxidative stress in iPSC-derived retinal cells from patients with -related AMD.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic risk loci for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on the chromosome 10q26 (Chr10) locus and are tightly linked: the A69S (G>T) rs10490924 single-nucleotide variant (SNV) and the AATAA-rich insertion-deletion (indel, del443/ins54), which are found in the age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 () gene, and the G512A (G>A) rs11200638 SNV, which is found in the high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 () promoter. The fourth variant is Y402H complement factor H (), which directs  signaling. CRISPR manipulation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells may allow one to isolate the effects of the individual SNV and thus identify SNV-specific effects on cell phenotype.

Three Ways to Improve Arm Function in the Chronic Phase After Stroke by Robotic Priming Combined With Mirror Therapy, Arm Training, and Movement-Oriented Therapy.

Objective: To examine the effects of bilateral robotic priming combined with mirror therapy (R-mirr) vs bilateral robotic priming combined with bilateral arm training (R-bilat), relative to the control approach of bilateral robotic priming combined with movement-oriented training (R-mov) in patients with stroke.

Design: A single-blind, preliminary, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Four outpatient rehabilitation settings.

The Executive-Function-Related Cognitive-Motor Dual Task Walking Performance and Task Prioritizing Effect on People with Parkinson's Disease.

To safely walk in a community environment requires dual cognitive-walking ambulation ability for people with Parkinson's disease (PD). A past study showed inconsistent results on cognitive-walking performance for PD patients, possibly due to the various cognitive tasks used and task priority assignment. This study designed cognitive-walking tests that used executive-related cognitive tasks to evaluate patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease who did not have obvious cognitive deficits.

Deep Neural Network for the Detections of Fall and Physical Activities Using Foot Pressures and Inertial Sensing.

Fall detection and physical activity (PA) classification are important health maintenance issues for the elderly and people with mobility dysfunctions. The literature review showed that most studies concerning fall detection and PA classification addressed these issues individually, and many were based on inertial sensing from the trunk and upper extremities. While shoes are common footwear in daily off-bed activities, most of the aforementioned studies did not focus much on shoe-based measurements.

CRISPR-Mediated Genome Engineering in Cell Lines.

A specific targeting nuclease is a powerful tool for mediating genome alternative expression with high precision. The RNA sequence-guided Cas9 nuclease from the microbial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) adaptive immune system can be used to facilitate genome engineering in cells by using a 20-nt targeting sequence. In this chapter, we describe a set of tools for Cas9-mediated genome editing via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) in the generation of modified cell lines for downstream functional studies.

Metabolite Extraction from RPE Cells and Retinas Related to Retinitis Pigmentosa.

The application of metabolomics in ophthalmology helps to identify new biomarkers and elucidate disease mechanisms in different eye diseases, as well as aiding in the development of potential treatment options. Extracting metabolites successfully is essential for potential further analysis using mass spectrometry. In this chapter, we describe how to extract metabolites from a variety of sources including (1) cells on a dish, (2) cell culture medium, and (3) tissues in vivo with and without stable isotope tracers.

CRISPR Manipulations in Stem Cell Lines.

Insights into genome engineering in cells have allowed researchers to cultivate and modify cells as organoids that display structural and phenotypic features of human diseases or normal health status. The generation of targeted mutants is a crucial step toward studying the biomedical effect of genes of interest. Modified organoids derived from patients' tissue cells are used as models to study diseases and test novel drugs.

Effects of robotic priming of bilateral arm training, mirror therapy, and impairment-oriented training on sensorimotor and daily functions in patients with chronic stroke: study protocol of a single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Combining robotic therapy (RT) with task-oriented therapy is an emerging strategy to facilitate motor relearning in stroke rehabilitation. This study protocol will compare novel rehabilitation regimens that use bilateral RT as a priming technique to augment two task-oriented therapies: mirror therapy (MT) and bilateral arm training (BAT) with a control intervention: RT combined with impairment-oriented training (IOT).

Methods: This single-blind, randomized, comparative efficacy study will involve 96 participants with chronic stroke.

Effects of Lower Limb Cycling Training on Different Components of Force and Fatigue in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease.

The strength of lower extremity is important for individuals to maintain balance and ambulation functions. The previous studies showed that individuals with Parkinson's disease suffered from fatigue and strength loss of central origin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lower extremities' cycling training on different components of force and fatigue in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Long-term vitamin A supplementation in a preclinical mouse model for RhoD190N-associated retinitis pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is caused by one of many possible gene mutations. The National Institutes of Health recommends high daily doses of vitamin A palmitate for RP patients. There is a critical knowledge gap surrounding the therapeutic applicability of vitamin A to patients with the different subtypes of the disease.

Mulberry Leaf Polyphenol Extract and Rutin Induces Autophagy Regulated by p53 in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells.

The edible leaves of the mulberry ( L.) plant are used worldwide. They contain abundant polyphenolic compounds with strong anticancer properties.

The Effect and Dose-Response of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Training on Spasticity in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

To investigate the effect and dose-response of functional electrical stimulation cycling (FES-cycling) training on spasticity in the individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Five electronic databases [PubMed, Scopus, Medline (Proquest), Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)] were searched before September 2021. The human trials and studies of English language were only included.

Therapeutic perspectives of extracellular vesicles and extracellular microRNAs in atherosclerosis.

Extracellular signaling molecules, such as growth factors, cytokines, and hormones, regulate cell behaviors and fate through endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine actions and play essential roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis. MicroRNAs, an important class of posttranscriptional modulators, could stably present in extracellular space and body fluids and participate in intercellular communication in health and diseases. Indeed, recent studies demonstrated that microRNAs could be secreted through vesicular and non-vesicular routes, transported in body fluids, and then transmitted to recipient cells to regulate target gene expression and signaling events.

Effects of ankle continuous passive motion on soleus hypertonia in individuals with cerebral palsy: A case series.

Background: Continuous passive motion device (CPM) provides repetitive movement over extended periods of time for those who have low functional ability. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of a four-week program of continuous passive motion of the ankle joint on the changes in soleus hypertonia in individuals with cerebral palsy who suffered from life-long hypertonia.

Methods: A single group, repeated-measures study was conducted.

A Comparative Efficacy Study of Robotic Priming of Bilateral Approach in Stroke Rehabilitation.

Stroke survivors can remain impaired in body functions, activity, and participation. A novel rehabilitation regimen is required to obtain scientific evidence and to help clinicians determine effective interventions for stroke. Mirror therapy (MT) and bilateral upper limb training (BULT) are based on the tenet of bilateral movement practice; however, the additional effect of bilateral robotic priming combined with these two therapies is unclear.