Telomere-to-telomere sheep genome assembly identifies variants associated with wool fineness.

Ongoing efforts to improve sheep reference genome assemblies still leave many gaps and incomplete regions, resulting in a few common failures and errors in genomic studies. Here, we report a 2.85-Gb gap-free telomere-to-telomere genome of a ram (T2T-sheep1.

Topological flat bands in a family of multilayer graphene moiré lattices.

Moiré materials host a wealth of intertwined correlated and topological states of matter, all arising from flat electronic bands with nontrivial quantum geometry. A prominent example is the family of alternating-twist magic-angle graphene stacks, which exhibit symmetry-broken states at rational fillings of the moiré band and superconductivity close to half filling. Here, we introduce a second family of twisted graphene multilayers made up of twisted sheets of M- and N-layer Bernal-stacked graphene flakes.

Heavy metals in sediments of the river-lake system in the Dianchi basin, China: Their pollution, sources, and risks.

The accumulation of heavy metals in river and lake sediments in basins seriously threatens ecological safety and human health. To manage the basin effectively, it is crucial to understand pollution levels and identify and quantify the sources and risks of heavy metals in rivers and lakes separately for targeted control. In this study, 34 sediment samples were collected from the Dianchi Basin, China, and the pollution, sources, and risks in the river-lake system sediments were systematically analysed for cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni).

Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of a male goat reveals variants associated with cashmere traits.

A complete goat (Capra hircus) reference genome enhances analyses of genetic variation, thus providing insights into domestication and selection in goats and related species. Here, we assemble a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free genome (2.86 Gb) from a cashmere goat (T2T-goat1.

Pleiotropically activation of azaphilone biosynthesis by overexpressing a pathway-specific transcription factor in marine-derived Aspergillus terreus RA2905.

The genome sequencing of Aspergillus terreus reveals that the vast number of predicted biosynthetic gene clusters have not reflected by the metabolic profile observed under conventional culture conditions. In this study, a silent azaphilone biosynthetic gene cluster was activated by overexpressing a pathway-specific transcription factor gene2642 in marine-derived fungus A. terreus RA2905.

Vortex Spin Liquid with Fractional Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Moiré Chern Bands.

Recently there is a report of the experimental signatures of a fractional quantum spin hall (FQSH) state at hole filling n=3 in a twisted MoTe_{2} bilayer. Previous theories of FQSH phases simply considered a decoupled pair of a fractional quantum Hall phase and its time reversal partner. Here, we show the first construction of an FQSH phase beyond the decoupling picture.

Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Diaporthein B against in Prevention of Apple Ring Rot.

Apple ring rot, caused by the pathogenic fungus , has inflicted substantial economic losses and caused significant food safety concerns. In this study, a pimarane-type diterpenoid, diaporthein B (DTB), isolated from a marine-derived fungus, exhibited significant antifungal activity against , with an EC value of 8.8 μg/mL.

Optimal dosing regimen of caspofungin in adolescents with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objectives: The optimal dosing regimen of caspofungin in adolescents undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation against Candida spp. is unknown. The study aimed to compare body surface area (BSA)-based and fixed dosing regimens through population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis and to optimize dosing regimens likely to achieve therapeutic exposures.

Rhopaloic acid A triggers mitochondria damage-induced apoptosis in oral cancer by JNK/BNIP3/Nix-mediated mitophagy.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a frequently occurring type of head and neck cancer with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Rhopaloic acid A (RA), a terpenoid derived from sponges, has demonstrated a promising anti-tumor activity, but its effectiveness for treating OSCC remains unknown.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether RA inhibits the growth of OSCC.

Upregulation of granzyme B and C-X3-C motif receptor 1 in circulating plasmablasts was negatively regulated by Notch signal in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

As one molecule related to cytotoxicity, surface expression of C-X3-C motif receptor 1 (CX3CR1) was highly correlated with intracellular granzyme B (GZMB) in natural killer and cytolytic T cells. However, the expression of CX3CR1 and GZMB in B cells has not been clarified, and their clinical significance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the changes and clinical significance of peripheral blood B cells expressing GZMB and/or CX3CR1 in SLE.

[Research progress on mechanisms of ligustilide in treatment of nervous system diseases].

Ligustilide is the main active component of the volatile oil from Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong in the Umbelliferae family. It is a phthalein compound with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-atherosclerosis, neuroprotective, and other pharmacological effects. It can improve the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and has important potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and other nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, and depression.

A numerical study on the siphonic effect of enhanced external counterpulsation at lower extremities with a coupled 0D-1D closed-loop personalized hemodynamics model.

Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a treatment and rehabilitation approach for ischemic diseases, including coronary artery disease. Its therapeutic benefits are primarily attributed to the improved blood circulation achieved through sequential mechanical compression of the lower extremities. However, despite the crucial role that hemodynamic effects in the lower extremity arteries play in determining the effectiveness of EECP treatment, most studies have focused on the diastole phase and ignored the systolic phase.

Efficacy, Safety, and Population Pharmacokinetics of Eltrombopag in Children with Different Severities of Aplastic Anemia.

Eltrombopag was approved as a first-line treatment for patients older than 2 years old with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). However, data on eltrombopag in children with different types of aplastic anemia (AA), especially non-severe AA (NSAA), are limited. We performed a prospective, single-arm, and observational study to investigate eltrombopag's efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics in children with NSAA, SAA, and very severe AA (VSAA).

FCRL3 expression is upregulated and closely correlates with TIGIT expression in regulatory T cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Using data from single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry, we initially examined the expression of FCRL3, finding it to be elevated and positively associated with TIGIT expression in the regulatory T cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. This also suggests that the co-expression of FCRL3 and TIGIT warrants further attention.

Symmetry-Broken Chern Insulators in Twisted Double Bilayer Graphene.

Twisted double bilayer graphene (tDBG) has emerged as a rich platform for studying strongly correlated and topological states, as its flat bands can be continuously tuned by both a perpendicular displacement field and a twist angle. Here, we construct a phase diagram representing the correlated and topological states as a function of these parameters, based on measurements of over a dozen tDBG devices encompassing two distinct stacking configurations. We find a hierarchy of symmetry-broken states that emerge sequentially as the twist angle approaches an apparent optimal value of θ ≈ 1.

( ±)-Dibrevianamides Q1 and Q2, the key precursors of asperginulin A from a marine-derived fungus.

Two pairs of new dimeric diketopiperazine alkaloids, ( ±)-dibrevianamides Q1 and Q2 (( ±)-1 and ( ±)-2), together with seven previously reported analogues (( ±)-3, 4-6, and ( ±)-7) were obtained from a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. The structures of ( ±)-1 and ( ±)-2 were clarified using comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, the calculated ECD, and DP4 + probability methods. Speculated from the biogenesis, ( ±)-dibrevianamides Q1 and Q2 (( ±)-1 and ( ±)-2) might be the key precursor of [2 + 2] diketopiperazine dimers (( ±)-3).

Environmental exposure and ecological risk of perfluorinated substances (PFASs) in the Shaying River Basin, China.

There have been concerns raised about the environmental effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) because of their toxicity, widespread distribution, and persistence. Understanding the occurrences and ecological risk posed by PFASs is essential, especially for the short-chain replacements perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), which are now becoming predominant PFASs. The lack of aquatic life criteria (ALC), however, prevents an accurate assessment of the ecological risks of PFBA and PFBS.

Magnetic Field-Stabilized Wigner Crystal States in a Graphene Moiré Superlattice.

ABC-stacked trilayer graphene on boron nitride (ABC-TLG/hBN) moiré superlattices provides a tunable platform for exploring Wigner crystal states in which the electron correlation can be controlled by electric and magnetic fields. Here we report the observation of magnetic field-stabilized Wigner crystal states in a ABC-TLG/hBN. We show that correlated insulating states emerge at multiple fractional and integer fillings corresponding to ν = /, /, 1, /, /, and 2 electrons per moiré lattice site under a magnetic field.

A model of -wave superconductivity, antiferromagnetism, and charge order on the square lattice.

We describe the confining instabilities of a proposed quantum spin liquid underlying the pseudogap metal state of the hole-doped cuprates. The spin liquid can be described by a SU(2) gauge theory of = 2 massless Dirac fermions carrying fundamental gauge charges-this is the low-energy theory of a mean-field state of fermionic spinons moving on the square lattice with -flux per plaquette in the ℤ center of SU(2). This theory has an emergent SO(5) global symmetry and is presumed to confine at low energies to the Néel state.