Onset of tethered chain overcrowding.

We proposed an approach to precisely control the density of tethered chains on solid substrates using PEO-b-PS and PLLA-b-PS. As the crystallization temperature Tx increased, the PEO or PLLA lamellar crystal thickness d(L) increased as well as the reduced tethering density sigma; of the PS chains. The onset of tethered PS chains overcrowding in solution occurs at sigma(*) approximately 3.

Intestinal perforation after combined liver-kidney transplantation for a case of congenital polycystic disease.

Aim: To highlight the intestinal perforation (IP), an uncommon and catastrophic complication after combined liver-kidney transplantation.

Methods: Combined liver-kidney transplantation (LKTx) with left kidney excision and a cyst fenestration procedure on the right kidney were performed on a case of 46-year-old female with congenital polycystic disease (CPCD).

Results: Two sites of IP were noted 40-50 cm proximal to ileocecal area during emergent laparotomy 10 d postoperatively.