The Use of Gut Organoids: To Study the Physiology and Disease of the Gut Microbiota.

The intestinal flora has attracted much attention in recent years. An imbalance in the intestinal flora can cause not only intestinal diseases but also cause a variety of parenteral diseases, such as endocrine diseases, nervous system diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Research on the mechanism of disease is likely to be hampered by sample accessibility, ethical issues, and differences between cellular animal and physiological studies.

Disrupted Mitochondrial Dynamics Impair Corneal Epithelial Healing in Neurotrophic Keratopathy.

Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative corneal disease characterized by impaired corneal sensitivity and epithelial repair that is often linked to sensory nerve dysfunction. To establish a clinically relevant model and explore the mechanisms underlying NK pathogenesis, we developed a novel mouse model through partial transection of the ciliary nerve. This approach mimics the progressive nature of NK, reproducing key clinical features such as corneal epithelial defects, reduced sensitivity, diminished tear secretion, and delayed wound healing.

Dinuclear Dicationic Iridium Complexes for Highly Synergistic Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy to Chemoresistant Cancer.

A series of dinuclear Ir(III) complexes have been constructed for enhanced photodynamic and photothermal therapy (PDT and PTT) for cisplatin-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer. They enter cells via caveolar endocytosis, target mitochondria but not nuclear, generate both singlet oxygen and superoxide anion, and release heat when exposed to infrared (IR) irradiation, thus inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated cell disruption and thermal ablation. The IR-generated ROS can further activate caspases, triggering apoptosis.

A Li-Rich Fluorinated Lithium Zirconium Chloride Solid Electrolyte for 4.8 V-Class All-Solid-State Batteries.

Chloride solid-state electrolytes (SEs) represent an important advance for applications in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Among various chloride SEs, lithium zirconium chloride (LiZrCl) is an attractive candidate considering the high natural abundance of Zr. However, LiZrCl meets the challenge in practical ASSBs because of its limited ionic conductivity and instability when paired with high-voltage cathodes.

The reporting quality of meta-epidemiological studies needs substantial improvement: a research on research study.

Background: Meta-epidemiological research plays a vital role in providing empirical evidence needed to develop methodological manuals and tools, but the reporting quality has not been comprehensively assessed, and the influence of reporting guidelines remains unclear. The current study aims to evaluate the reporting quality of meta-epidemiological studies, assess the impact of reporting guidelines, and identify factors influencing reporting quality.

Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase for meta-epidemiological studies.

Lightweight and wearable magnetoencephalography system based on spatially-grid constrained coils and compact magnetically shielded room.

Magnetoencephalography based on optically pumped magnetometers can passively detect the ultra-weak brain magnetic field signals, which has significant clinical application prospects for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral disorders. This paper proposes a brain magnetic signal measurement method on the basis of the active-passive coupling magnetic shielding strategy and helmet-mounted detection array, which has lower cost and comparable performance over the existing ones. We first utilized the spatially-grid constrained coils and biplanar coils with proportion-integration-differentiation controller with tracking differentiator to ensure a near-zero and stable magnetic field environment with large uniform region.

Improving Lower Limb Function and Frailty in Frail Older Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Study of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation.

Background: A global public health problem, frailty is closely associated with poor prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in older patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although exercise intervention is the most commonly used method to reverse and alleviate frailty, its application is restricted in patients with acute myocardial infarction following PCI due to cardiovascular instability and autonomic imbalance. Consequently, there is a need for a new practical intervention to address frailty syndrome in these patients.

Elucidating the role of angiogenesis-related genes in colorectal cancer: a multi-omics analysis.

Background: Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer (CRC), yet its underlying mechanisms demand further exploration. This study aimed to elucidate the significance of angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs) in CRC through comprehensive multi-omics analysis.

Methods: CRC patients were categorized according to ARGs expression to form angiogenesis-related clusters (ARCs).

Van der Waals Encapsulation by Ultrathin Oxide for Air-Sensitive 2D Materials.

The ambient stability is one of the focal points for applications of 2D materials, especially for those well-known air-sensitive ones, such as black phosphorus (BP) and transitional metal telluride. Traditional methods of encapsulation, such as atomic layer deposition of oxides and heterogeneous integration of hexagonal boron nitride, can hardly avoid removal of encapsulation layer when the 2D materials are encapsulated for further device fabrication, which causes complexity and damage during the procedure. Here, a van der Waals encapsulation method that allows direct device fabrication without removal of encapsulation layer is introduced using GaO from liquid gallium.

Chemoselective Synthesis of 3-Bromomethyloxindoles via Visible-Light-Induced Radical Cascade Bromocyclization of Alkenes.

A novel visible-light-induced radical cascade bromocyclization of -arylacrylamides has been accomplished. This reaction overcomes the overbromination at the benzene rings suffered in traditional electrophilic reactions, thus enabling the first highly chemoselective synthesis of valuable 3-bromomethyloxindoles. The combination of pyridine and anhydrous medium is identified as the key factor for the high chemoselectivity in the current photoreaction system, which might work by suppressing the generation of low-concentration Br from -bromosuccinimide.

Efficacy and safety of a panthenol-enriched mask for individuals with distinct impaired skin barrier subtypes.

Background: The protection for different skin types with impaired skin barrier in the market is insufficient.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a panthenol-enriched mask (La Roche-Posay Mask Pro) in addressing various skin barrier impairment subgroups, including dry sensitive, oily sensitive, and oily acne skin.

Methods: A total of 177 participants were enrolled in the study and divided into three subgroups based on their skin type.

S100A9 alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating M1 macrophage polarization and inhibiting pyroptosis via the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB signaling axis.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by pulmonary diffusion abnormalities that may progress to multiple-organ failure in severe cases. There are limited effective treatments for ALI, which makes the search for new therapeutic avenues critically important. Macrophages play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ALI.

Do disclosure of ESG information policies inhibit the value of heavily polluting Enterprises?-Evidence from China.

Green governance and high-quality green development are crucial to the growth of enterprises; therefore, this paper examines how environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) disclosure policies affect the value of heavily polluting companies. The study's data is from the new version of the Governance Guidelines for Public Companies promulgated by the China Securities Regulatory Commission in 2018. Thus, the data of China's public companies from 2011 to 2021 is used for the study's analysis.

Berry Curvature Dipole Induced Giant Mid-Infrared Second-Harmonic Generation in 2D Weyl Semiconductor.

Due to its inversion-broken triple helix structure and the nature of Weyl semiconductor, 2D Tellurene (2D Te) is promising to possess a strong nonlinear optical response in the infrared region, which is rarely reported in 2D materials. Here, a giant nonlinear infrared response induced by large Berry curvature dipole (BCD) is demonstrated in the Weyl semiconductor 2D Te. Ultrahigh second-harmonic generation response is acquired from 2D Te with a large second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ ), which is up to 23.

Ion channels and transporters regulate nutrient absorption in health and disease.

Ion channels and transporters are ubiquitously expressed on cell membrane, which involve in a plethora of physiological process such as contraction, neurotransmission, secretion and so on. Ion channels and transporters is of great importance to maintaining membrane potential homeostasis, which is essential to absorption of nutrients in gastrointestinal tract. Most of nutrients are electrogenic and require ion channels and transporters to absorb.

Function of TRP channels in monocytes/macrophages.

The transient receptor potential channel (TRP channel) family is a kind of non- specific cation channel widely distributed in various tissues and organs of the human body, including the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, immune system, etc. It has been reported that various TRP channels are expressed in mammalian macrophages. TRP channels may be involved in various signaling pathways in the development of various systemic diseases through changes in intracellular concentrations of cations such as calcium and magnesium.

Metal-Catalyst-Free One-Pot Aqueous Synthesis of trans-1,2-Diols from Electron-Deficient α,β-Unsaturated Amides via Epoxidation Using Oxone as a Dual Role Reagent.

In organic synthesis, incorporating two functional groups into the carbon-carbon double bond of α,β-unsaturated amides is challenging due to the electron-deficient nature of the olefin moiety. Although a few examples of dihydroxylation of α,β-unsaturated amides have been demonstrated, producing cis-1,2-diols using either highly toxic OsO or other specialized metal reagents in organic solvents, they are limited to several specific amides. We describe herein a general and one-pot direct synthesis of trans-1,2-diols from electron-deficient α,β-unsaturated amides through dihydroxylation using oxone as a dual-role reagent in water.

Magnetism of two-dimensional chromium tellurides.

2D ferromagnets have garnered considerable attention for their potential applications in spintronics, magnonics, and spin-orbitronics. Chromium tellurides (CrTe), in particular, have drawn interest due to their exceptional magnetic properties and diverse range of chemical stoichiometries, attributed to the phenomenon of chromium self-intercalation. To provide an in-depth understanding of this complex material class, this review first explains the origin of 2D magnetism using two well-known 2D ferromagnets, CrI and FeGeTe, and compares the structures of CrTe, CrTe, CrTe, and CrTe to clarify the self-intercalation phenomenon.

Enhanced removal of mixed VOCs with different hydrophobicities by Tween 20 in a biotrickling filter: Kinetic analysis and biofilm characteristics.

Mass transfer limitation usually causes the poor performance of biotrickling filters (BTFs) for the treatment of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during long-term operation. In this study, two identical lab-scale BTFs were established to remove a mixture of n-hexane and dichloromethane (DCM) gases using non-ionic surfactant Tween 20 by Pseudomonas mendocina NX-1 and Methylobacterium rhodesianum H13. A low pressure drop (≤110 Pa) and a rapid biomass accumulation (17.

Room-temperature third-order nonlinear Hall effect in Weyl semimetal TaIrTe.

The second-order nonlinear Hall effect observed in the time-reversal symmetric system has not only shown abundant physical content, but also exhibited potential application prospects. Recently, a third-order nonlinear Hall effect has been observed in MoTe and WTe. However, few-layer MoTe and WTe are usually unstable in air and the observed third-order nonlinear Hall effect can be measured only at low temperature, which hinders further investigation as well as potential application.

Dual-Gate All-Electrical Valleytronic Transistors.

The development of integrated circuits (ICs) based on a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor through transistor scaling has reached the technology bottleneck; thus, alternative approaches from new physical mechanisms are highly demanded. Valleytronics in two-dimensional (2D) material systems has recently emerged as a strong candidate, which utilizes the valley degree of freedom to process information for electronic applications. However, for all-electrical valleytronic transistors, very low room-temperature "valley on-off" ratios (around 10) have been reported so far, which seriously limits their practical applications.