A novel microcurrent dressing for wound healing in a rat skin defect model.

Background: The exogenous application of low-intensity electric stimulation (ES) may mimic a natural endogenous bioelectric current and accelerate the repair process of skin wounds. This study designed a novel microcurrent dressing (MCD) and evaluated its potential effects on wound healing in a rat skin defect model.

Methods: First, wireless ES was integrated into a medical cotton cushion to fabricate the MCD, and its electrical property was examined by using a universal power meter.

Real-time Assessment of Cytosolic, Mitochondrial, and Nuclear Calcium Levels Change in Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells during Pulsed Microwave Exposure Using a Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicator.

Little information is available about the effects of exposure to pulsed microwaves on neuronal Ca2+ signaling under non-thermal conditions. In this study, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were exposed to pulsed microwaves for 6 min at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg to assess possible real-time effects. During microwave exposure, free calcium dynamics in the cytosol, mitochondria, and nucleus of cells were monitored by time-lapse microfluorimetry using a genetically encoded calcium indicator (ratiometric-pericam, ratiometric-pericam-mt, and ratiometric-pericam-nu).

Microwave-induced Apoptosis and Cytotoxicity of NK Cells through ERK1/2 Signaling.

Objective: To investigate microwave-induced morphological and functional injury of natural killer (NK) cells and uncover their mechanisms.

Methods: NK-92 cells were exposed to 10, 30, and 50 mW/cm2 microwaves for 5 min. Ultrastructural changes, cellular apoptosis and cell cycle regulation were detected at 1 h and 24 h after exposure.

Microwave-Induced Structural and Functional Injury of Hippocampal and PC12 Cells Is Accompanied by Abnormal Changes in the NMDAR-PSD95-CaMKII Pathway.

Recent studies have highlighted the important role of the postsynaptic NMDAR-PSD95-CaMKII pathway for synaptic transmission and related neuronal injury. Here, we tested changes in the components of this pathway upon microwave-induced neuronal structure and function impairments. Ultrastructural and functional changes were induced in hippocampal neurons of rats and in PC12 cells exposed to microwave radiation.

Heijiangdan ointment relieves oxidative stress from radiation dermatitis induced by (60)Co γ-ray in mice.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Heijiangdan Ointment ( HJD) on oxidative stress in (60)Co γ-ray radiation-induced dermatitis in mice.

Methods: Female Wistar mice with grade 4 radiation dermatitis induced by (60)Co γ-rays were randomly divided into four groups (n=12 per group); the HJD-treated, recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF)-treated, Trolox-treated, and untreated groups, along with a negative control group. On the 11th and 21st days after treatment, 6 mice in each group were chosen for evaluation.

Identification of a Novel Rat NR2B Subunit Gene Promoter Region Variant and Its Association with Microwave-Induced Neuron Impairment.

Microwave radiation has been implicated in cognitive dysfunction and neuronal injury in animal models and in human investigations; however, the mechanism of these effects is unclear. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the rat GRIN2B promoter region were screened. The associations of these SNPs with microwave-induced rat brain dysfunction and with rat pheochromocytoma-12 (PC12) cell function were investigated.

Protecting intestinal epithelial cell number 6 against fission neutron irradiation through NF-κB signaling pathway.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the change of NF-κB signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cell induced by fission neutron irradiation and the influence of the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002. Three groups of IEC-6 cell lines were given: control group, neutron irradiation of 4 Gy group, and neutron irradiation of 4 Gy with LY294002 treatment group. Except the control group, the other groups were irradiated by neutron of 4 Gy.

Pathological changes in the sinoatrial node tissues of rats caused by pulsed microwave exposure.

To observe microwave induced dynamic pathological changes in the sinus nodes, wistar rats were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 50 mW/cm2 microwave. In 10 and 50 mW/cm2 groups, disorganized sinoatrial node cells, cell swelling, cytoplasmic condensation, nuclear pyknosis, and anachromasis, swollen, and empty mitochondria, and blurred and focally dissolved myofibrils could be detected from 1 to 28 d, while reduced parenchymal cells, increased collagen fibers, and extracellular matrix remodeling of interstitial cells were observed from 6 to 12 months. In conclusion, 10 and 50 mW/cm2 microwave could cause structural damages in the sinoatrial node and extracellular matrix remodeling in rats.

Microwave exposure impairs synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampus and PC12 cells through over-activation of the NMDA receptor signaling pathway.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether microwave exposure would affect the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling pathway to establish whether this plays a role in synaptic plasticity impairment.

Methods: 48 male Wistar rats were exposed to 30 mW/cm2 microwave for 10 min every other day for three times. Hippocampal structure was observed through H&E staining and transmission electron microscope.

Alterations of cognitive function and 5-HT system in rats after long term microwave exposure.

The increased use of microwaves raises concerns about its impact on health including cognitive function in which neurotransmitter system plays an important role. In this study, we focused on the serotonin system and evaluated the long term effects of chronic microwave radiation on cognition and correlated items. Wistar rats were exposed or sham exposed to 2.

Activation of VEGF/Flk-1-ERK Pathway Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Injury After Microwave Exposure.

Microwaves have been suggested to induce neuronal injury and increase permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but the mechanism remains unknown. The role of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/Flk-1-Raf/MAPK kinase (MEK)/extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway in structural and functional injury of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following microwave exposure was examined. An in vitro BBB model composed of the ECV304 cell line and primary rat cerebral astrocytes was exposed to microwave radiation (50 mW/cm(2), 5 min).

AduoLa Fuzhenglin down-regulates microwave-induced expression of β1-adrenergic receptor and muscarinic type 2 acetylcholine receptor in myocardial cells of rats.

This paper is aimed to study the effect of ADL on expression of β1-AR and M2-AchR in myocardial cells of rats exposed to microwave radiation. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and image analysis were used to detect the expression of β1-AR and M2-AchR in myocardial cells at 7 and 14 d after microwave exposure. The results show that the expression level was higher in microwave exposure group and 0.

Upregulation of HIF-1α via activation of ERK and PI3K pathway mediated protective response to microwave-induced mitochondrial injury in neuron-like cells.

Microwave-induced learning and memory deficits in animal models have been gaining attention in recent years, largely because of increasing public concerns on growing environmental influences. The data from our group and others have showed that the injury of mitochondria, the major source of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in primary neurons, could be detected in the neuron cells of microwave-exposed rats. In this study, we provided some insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind mitochondrial injury in PC12 cell-derived neuron-like cells.

Relationship between cognition function and hippocampus structure after long-term microwave exposure.

Objective: To analyze the effects of long-term microwave exposure on hippocampal structure and function in the rat.

Methods: Experiments were performed on 184 male Wistar rats (three exposure groups and a sham group). Microwaves were applied daily for 6 min over 1 month at average power densities of 2.

Application of 1H-NMR-based metabolomics for detecting injury induced by long-term microwave exposure in Wistar rats' urine.

There has been growing public concern regarding exposure to microwave fields as a potential human health hazard. This study aimed to identify sensitive biochemical indexes for the detection of injury induced by microwave exposure. Male Wistar rats were exposed to microwaves for 6 min per day, 5 days per week over a period of 1 month at an average power density of 5 mW/cm(2) (specific absorption rate of 2.

[The protective effects of Aduola Fuzhenglin on the heart injury induced by microwave exposure in rats].

Objective: To study the protective effects of AduoLa Fuzhenglin(ADL) on the heart injury induced by microwave exposure in rats.

Methods: One hundred forty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: control, microwave radiation, 0.75 g x kg(-1) d(-1) ADL, 1.

[Long-term microwave radiation affects male reproduction in rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of long-term microwave radiation on male reproduction in rats.

Methods: A total of 100 male Wistar rats were exposed to microwave radiation with average power density of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mW/cm2 for 4 weeks, 5 times a week and 6 minutes per time.

[Construction of the recombinant plasmid of pcDNA3.0-RKIP and expression in PC12 cells].

Aim: To construct the eukaryotic expression vectors of RKIP plasmid and detect its expression in PC12 cells.

Methods: The coding sequence of RKIP was generated by nested-PCR using total RNA extracted from the root ganglion neurons of rats. RKIP gene was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.

[Microwave radiation decreases the expressions of occludin and JAM-1 in rats].

Objective: To explore the changes in the expressions of the tight junction related protein occludin and junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1) of the blood-testis barrier and their significance in rats after microwave radiation.

Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats were exposed to microwave radiation with average power density of 0, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 for five minutes, and dynamic changes in the expressions of testicular occludin and JAM-1 were observed by Western blot and image analysis at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after the radiation.

Results: There was a significant down-regulation in the expression of the occludin protein at 3 - 7 d, 6 h - 7 d and 6 h - 14 d (P < 0.

[A aquaporin 4 expression and effects in rat hippocampus after microwave radiation].

Objective: To investigate the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) after microwave exposure and the correlation with the brain injury by radiation.

Methods: 70 male rats were exposed to microwave whose average power density was 0, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) respectively. Rats were sacrificed at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after exposure.

[Effect of microwave radiation on primary cultured Sertoli cells].

Objective: To explore whether microwave radiation may cause injury of primary cultured Sertoli cells.

Methods: The model of primary cultured Sertoli cells in vitro was established, which was radiated by microwave with average power density 0, 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) for five minutes. The changes of cell cycle, apoptosis and death, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the Sertoli cells were measured at sixth hours through Annexin V-PI double labeling and Fluo-3-AM labeling, flow cytometry combined with laser scanning confocal microscopy after microwave exposure.

Recombinant human hepassocin stimulates proliferation of hepatocytes in vivo and improves survival in rats with fulminant hepatic failure.

Background: Human hepassocin (HPS) was originally detected by subtractive and differential cDNA cloning as a liver-specific gene that was markedly upregulated during liver regeneration. Previous studies suggested that HPS showed mitogenic activity on isolated hepatocytes in vitro. However, its in vivo functions remained largely unknown.

[Effects of electromagnetic radiation on RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in rats hippocampus].

Aim: To study the development of changes for signaling molecules related to Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in hippocampus of rats after electromagnetic radiation, and investigate the mechanisms of radiation injury.

Methods: Rats were exposed to X-HPM, S-HPM and EMP radiation source respectively, and animal model of electromagnetic radiation was established. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Raf-1, phosphorylated Raf-1 and phospholylated ERK.