[Not Available].

Diversity of Ukrainian winter common wheat varieties was studied with respect to the storage protein loci Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1, Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1, Gli-A3, Gli-B5, and Gli-A6 (362 varieties) and markers for the Lr34/Yr18/Pm38/Sr57/Bdv1 gene conferring moderate resistance to a number of biotrophic pathogens, the Tsn1 gene for sensitivity to the toxins A of the necrotrophic fungi Pyrenophora triticirepentis and Stagonospora nodorum, the Tsc2 gene for sensitivity to the toxin B of P. triticirepentis, and the TDF_076_2D gene for moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (181 varieties). Significant differences in frequencies of alleles at these marker loci between groups of varieties developed in different soil and climatic zones were revealed.

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This survey paper contains a brief analysis of publications included in current issue of scientific journal «Cytology and Genetics» dedicated to its 50th anniversary. These papers reflect scientific achievements of their authors in the field of genetics and cell biology and underine the potential of these two biological disciplines, forming «double helix» of the journal.

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The transcriptomes from different organs and tissues of western poplar, eucalyptus, soybean and common bean were studied. The expression level of cellulose synthase genes was notably different in different types of tissues and organs in studied plants. For common bean and eucalyptus transcriptome the domination of certain cellulose synthase genes was typical.

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Summarizing paper contains short analysis of the publications resulting cell biological, molecular genetic and population genetic investigations devoted to studying of accute radiation exposure and chronic radiation contamination effects on biological systems after disaster on Chornobyl nuclear power station in 1986.

[Not Available].

The effect of the low temperature (4 ºC) on the orga-nization of actin filaments (microfilaments) of cells of different growth zones of the root of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) have been studied. It was found that cold treatment inhibits growth of the main root and gives its morphology, causing a large number of deformed (ectopic) root hairs in the zone of differentiation.

[Not Available].

A comparative cytological analysis of intra- and intertissular cytomictic interactions in early micro-sporogenesis of mono- and dicotyledonous plants was performed by the example of the two cellular systems - microsporocytes and tapetum. It is found that cytomixis is the component of intratissular interactions mainly. In the tapetum cells cytomixis is notable for structural and temporary taxon specific features.

[Not Available].

Using bioinformatics analysis, the homologues of the genes Sr33 and Sr35 were identifed in the genomes of Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare and Triticum urartu. It is known that these genes provide resistance to hightly virulent wheat stem rust races (Ug99). To identify important for resistance amino acid sites, the comparison of the founded homologues with the Sr33 and Sr35 protein sequences was performed.

[Not Available].

It was shown phenotypic changes in the root system of seedlings Arabidopsis thaliana in transgenic lines with overexpression and suppressed gene expression of serine-threonine protein kinase KIN10 in conditions of energy shortage and under normal conditions. The normal growth and development of KIN10 overexpressing plants with in energy deficiency conditions were detected. The significant inhibition of the plant development under normal conditions for these plant lines was obsereved.

THE HOMOLOGOUS IDENTIFICATION OF THE STEM RUST RESISTANCE GENES RDg5, Adf3 AND RGA1 IN THE RELATIVES OF BARLEY.

The barley genes Rpg5, RGA1 and Adf3, which provide a strong resistance to many pathotypes of stem rust, were cloned a few years ago, but it was still unclear whether their homologues were represented in wheat and in related species. The paper describes the results of a bioinformatic research to determine the homologues of Rpg5, RGA1 and Adf3 in the genomes of Triticum aestivum and several wild grasses, which breeders usually use as sources of stem rust resistance, and which are available in the genome databases. It was found that the Th.

[INVOLVEMENT OF PLANT CYTOSKELETON INTO CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF METALS TOXICITY].

This review summarizes published date and the results of the author's own researches cantering the participation of plant cells cytoskeleton. It is considered cytotoxic impact of metals on the cytoskeleton's components, including microtubules and actin filaments. Particular attention is paid to the cellular and molecular mechanisms of influence of metals on cytoskeleton.

[ENHANCEMENT OF AGROBACTERIAL TRANSFORMATION OF PLANTS USING PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS TRIFLUOPERAZINE AND GENISTEIN].

The effect of different concentrations of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein and serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor, trifluoperazine, on the frequency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of leaf explants of N. tabacum was investigated. The influence of different concentrations of trifluoperazine in the range from 10 to 300 μM was investigated.

[Not Available].

Genetic control of dark color of glumes was studied in Triticum spelta L. var. caeruleum accessions using gliadins as genetic markers.

[Not Available].

The genetic diversity of 13 Vincetoxicum Wolf species distributed in Ukraine was investigated using 4 of the 8 nuclear microsatellite markers, previously developed for Vincetoxicum atratum from Japan. The number of alleles ranged from 8 to 25. The expected heterozygosities were 0,690–0,938 and observed ones ranged from 0,205 to 0,806.

[DEVELOPMENT OF MARKER-FREE TRANSFORMANTS BY SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINASES].

To produce transgenic plants in current biotechnology selectable marker genes are used that lead to the selectivity.of transformants from non-transformed organisms. However, after the transgenic event has been occurred, the presence of these genes in transformed genome in general is uselless.

[PLANT GENETIC TRANSFORMATION USING CARBON NANOTUBES FOR DNA DELIVERY].

The possibility of exploiting carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based nanocarriers to deliver genes into protoplasts, callus and mesophyll explants of plants was examined. Using single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) at the concentration of 20 μg/ml and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) at the concentration of 15 μg/ml genetic transformation of Nicotiana tabacum L. mesophyll protoplasts with plasmid pGreen 0029 was carried out and transient expression of reporter yfp gene in the protoplasts was observed.

[BIOINFORMATIC SEARCH AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE CELLULOSE SYNTHASE GENES OF FLAX (LINUM USITATISSIMUM)].

A bioinformatic search of sequences encoding cellulose synthase genes in the flax genome, and their comparison to dicots orthologs was carried out. The analysis revealed 32 cellulose synthase gene candidates, 16 of which are highly likely to encode cellulose synthases, and the remaining 16--cellulose synthase-like proteins (Csl). Phylogenetic analysis of gene products of cellulose synthase genes allowed distinguishing 6 groups of cellulose synthase genes of different classes: CesA1/10, CesA3, CesA4, CesA5/6/2/9, CesA7 and CesA8.

[BIOINFORMATICS COMPARISON OF HUMAN AND PLANT PHOSPHATOMES].

The study presents the results of bioinformatic comparison of protein phosphatases from higher plants and human phosphatom (150 sequences). Based on sequence and profile comparison with known catalytic domains, 204 plant homologues from Physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana where selected. Clustering of joint group of plant and mammalian protein phosphatases revealed fundamental differences in plant and human phosphatomes.

[Role of transcription factors in transdifferentiation of the gastric mucosa].

The analysis of intestinal differentiation transcription factor CDX2 in the gastric mucosa biopsies has been carried out. It was established that CDX2 by itself promoter activation pathway can obtain intestinal phenotype for gastric mucosa cells. The loss of CDX2 expression in the nuclei of metaplastic epithelium may serve as a predictor of gastric mucosa malignization.

Effects of tyrosine kinase and phosphatase inhibitors on mitosis progression in synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells.

To test whether reversible tubulin phosphorylation plays any role in the process of plant mitosis the effects of inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, herbimycin A, genistein and tyrphostin AG 18, and of an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases, sodium orthovanadate, on microtubule organization and mitosis progression in a synchronized BY-2 culture has been investigated. It was found that treatment with inhibitors of tyrosine kinases of BY-2 cells at the G2/M transition did not lead to visible disturbances of mitotic microtubule structures, while it did reduce the frequency of their appearance. We assume that a decreased tyrosine phosphorylation level could alter the microtubule dynamic instability parameters during interphase/prophase transition.

Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases as a tool for the investigation of microtubule role in plant cold response.

Tyrosine phosphorylation plays a vital role in the variety of signal transduction pathways in eukaryotic cells, however its role and relevance in plants are still largely unknown. To investigate the functional role of tubulin tyrosine phosphorylation in plant cells the interplay between the effects of tyrosine kinases (herbimycin A) as well as tyrosine phosphatases (sodium orthovanadate) inhibitors on microtubules sensitivity to cold in A. thaliana root cells were studied.

Inducing effect of PGRs on small regulatory si/miRNA in resistance to sugar beet cyst nematode.

Sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt is an economically important plant parasite of sugar beet in Ukraine. The pest control options are limited. Sugar beet cyst nematode resistant varieties are not available on the market.

Application of GFP technique for cytoskeleton visualization onboard the International Space Station.

Cytoskeleton recently attracted wide attention of cell and molecular biologists due to its crucial role in gravity sensing and trunsduction. Most of cytoskeletal research is conducted by the means of immunohistochemical reactions, different modifications of which are beneficial for the ground-based experiments. But for the performance onboard the space vehicles, they represent quite complicated technique which requires time and special skills for astronauts.