Multi-level analysis of the gut-brain axis shows autism spectrum disorder-associated molecular and microbial profiles.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by heterogeneous cognitive, behavioral and communication impairments. Disruption of the gut-brain axis (GBA) has been implicated in ASD although with limited reproducibility across studies. In this study, we developed a Bayesian differential ranking algorithm to identify ASD-associated molecular and taxa profiles across 10 cross-sectional microbiome datasets and 15 other datasets, including dietary patterns, metabolomics, cytokine profiles and human brain gene expression profiles.

Sleep and meal timing influence food intake and its hormonal regulation in healthy adults with overweight/obesity.

Background: Studies associate sleeping and eating late in the day with poor dietary quality and higher obesity risk but differences in sleep duration confound this association. We aimed to determine whether sleep and meal timing, independent of sleep duration, influenced food intake in healthy adults.

Methods: This was a controlled, 2 × 2 inpatient crossover study with normal (0000-0800 h) or late (0330-1130 h) sleep and normal (1, 5, 11, and 12.

[The influence of combined application of quercetin and indralin on post-irradiation repair of hematopoiesis in acute radiation injury].

Experiments on mice-hybrids F1(CBA x C57B1/6) have detected a favorable effect of the associated application of quercetin (30-60 minutes before y-exposure of an animal) and a radioprotectant of urgent action indralin (in the case of its application after y-exposure) on a post-irradiation repair of the hematopoietic tissue in acute radiation sickness after y-exposure at a non-lethal dose of 6.7 Gy, which manifested itself in the accelerated formation of endogenous spleen colonies and spleen mass recovery, as well as in the lesser degree of leukopenia on the 12th and the 16th day after acute radiation injury. Quercetin per se did not have a radio-protective effect.

Triplet repeats and DNA repair: germ cell and somatic cell instability in transgenic mice.

This chapter describes methods for the isolation of specific cell types that reveal how and where expansion can occur. For the hereditary component of expansion, the male germ cell has proved useful in distinguishing processes that can contribute to expansion, as described in our article (Nature Genetics 27, 407, 2001). Mature spermatazoa (SZs) can be isolated directly from the epididymis.

CAG repeat lengths in X- and Y-bearing sperm indicate that gender bias during transmission of Huntington's disease gene is determined in the embryo.

The size of the CAG tract at the Huntington's disease (HD) locus upon transmission depends on the gender of the parent. However, the basis for the parent-of-origin effect is unknown. To test whether expansion and contraction in HD are "imprinted" in the germ cells, we isolated the X- and Y-bearing sperm of HD transgenic mice.

Gender of the embryo contributes to CAG instability in transgenic mice containing a Huntington's disease gene.

Gender is known to influence the transmission of trinucleotide repeats in human disease. However, the molecular basis for the parent-of-origin effect associated with trinucleotide repeat expansion is not known. We have followed, during transmission, the fate of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in a transgene containing the exon 1 portion of the human Huntington's disease (HD) gene.

[Analysis of late potentials of the heart ventricles in patients with respiratory failure].

The ECG signal was studied by the method of Simson in 43 patients with the clinical pattern of respiratory failure of different genesis with the aim in view to detect signs of late ventricular potentials (LVP) in the QRS vector and in separate orthogonal leads X, Y and Z. The signal was averaged by 150 complexes. It has been shown that 53% of the patients examined have signs of LVP, their incidence being much higher in critical patients subjected to controlled lung ventilation.