Clinical Potential of Novel Microbial Therapeutic LP51 Based on Xerosis-Microbiome Index.

Xerosis, characterized by dry, rough skin, causes discomfort and aesthetic concerns, necessitating effective treatment. Traditional treatments often show limited efficacy, prompting the need for innovative therapies. This study highlights the efficacy of microbiome therapeutic LP51, derived from a healthy vaginal microbiome, in improving xerosis.

Tanshinone, a Natural NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor, Mitigates Testosterone-Induced Hair Loss.

Previous studies have shown that testosterone activates the GPRC6A-Duox1 axis, resulting in the production of HO which leads to the apoptosis of keratinocytes and ultimately hair loss. Here, we elucidated a molecular mechanism by which the non-genomic action of testosterone regulates cellular redox status in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Building upon this molecular understanding, we conducted a high-throughput screening assay of Nox inhibitors from a natural compounds library.

Mitochondrial DNA mosaicism in normal human somatic cells.

Somatic cells accumulate genomic alterations with age; however, our understanding of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mosaicism remains limited. Here we investigated the genomes of 2,096 clones derived from three cell types across 31 donors, identifying 6,451 mtDNA variants with heteroplasmy levels of ≳0.3%.

Quantitative and qualitative mutational impact of ionizing radiation on normal cells.

The comprehensive genomic impact of ionizing radiation (IR), a carcinogen, on healthy somatic cells remains unclear. Using large-scale whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of clones expanded from irradiated murine and human single cells, we revealed that IR induces a characteristic spectrum of short insertions or deletions (indels) and structural variations (SVs), including balanced inversions, translocations, composite SVs (deletion-insertion, deletion-inversion, and deletion-translocation composites), and complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs), including chromoplexy, chromothripsis, and SV by breakage-fusion-bridge cycles. Our findings suggest that 1 Gy IR exposure causes an average of 2.

Stopping Aspirin Within 1 Month After Stenting for Ticagrelor Monotherapy in Acute Coronary Syndrome: The T-PASS Randomized Noninferiority Trial.

Background: Stopping aspirin within 1 month after implantation of a drug-eluting stent for ticagrelor monotherapy has not been exclusively evaluated for patients with acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ticagrelor monotherapy after <1 month of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is noninferior to 12 months of ticagrelor-based DAPT for adverse cardiovascular and bleeding events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Methods: In this randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial, 2850 patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent drug-eluting stent implantation at 24 centers in South Korea were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either ticagrelor monotherapy (90 mg twice daily) after <1 month of DAPT (n=1426) or 12 months of ticagrelor-based DAPT (n=1424) between April 24, 2019, and May 31, 2022.

The Effects of Mitochondrial Transplantation on Sepsis Depend on the Type of Cell from Which They Are Isolated.

Previously, we have shown that mitochondrial transplantation in the sepsis model has immune modulatory effects. The mitochondrial function could have different characteristics dependent on cell types. Here, we investigated whether the effects of mitochondrial transplantation on the sepsis model could be different depending on the cell type, from which mitochondria were isolated.

Altered Brain Glymphatic Flow at Diffusion-Tensor MRI in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Background Brain glymphatic dysfunction may contribute to the development of α-synucleinopathies. Yet, noninvasive imaging and quantification remain lacking. Purpose To examine glymphatic function of the brain in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and its relevance to phenoconversion with use of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS).

Polycomb Group Protein CBX7 Represses Cardiomyocyte Proliferation Through Modulation of the TARDBP/RBM38 Axis.

Background: Shortly after birth, cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and cease proliferation. At present, the regulatory mechanisms for this loss of proliferative capacity are poorly understood. CBX7 (chromobox 7), a polycomb group (PcG) protein, regulates the cell cycle, but its role in cardiomyocyte proliferation is unknown.

A new wearable diagnostic home sleep testing platform: comparison with available systems and benefits of multinight assessments.

Study Objectives: We assessed the real-world performance of the ANNE Sleep system against 2 Food and Drug Administration-cleared home sleep testing platforms and the intraindividual night-to-night variability of respiratory event index measured by ANNE Sleep.

Methods: We evaluated the home performance of the ANNE Sleep system compared with 2 Food and Drug Administration-cleared home sleep testing platforms (WatchPAT: n = 29 and Alice NightOne: n = 46) during a synchronous night with unsupervised patient application. Additionally, we evaluated night-to-night variability of respiratory event index and total sleep time using the ANNE Sleep system (n = 30).

Deficiency Promotes Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via HGF/c-Met Signaling.

Background: In large-scale genomic studies, , an endothelial-specific transcription factor, has been suggested as a putative causal gene of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, its role and molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We investigated the functional impacts and acting mechanisms of impaired Sox17 (SRY-related HMG-box17) pathway in PAH and explored its potential as a therapeutic target.

Methods: In adult mice, deletion in pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) induced PAH under hypoxia with high penetrance and severity, but not under normoxia.

Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries.

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.

Targeting PLD2 in adipocytes augments adaptive thermogenesis by improving mitochondrial quality and quantity in mice.

Phospholipase D (PLD)2 via its enzymatic activity regulates cell proliferation and migration and thus is implicated in cancer. However, the role of PLD2 in obesity and type 2 diabetes has not previously been investigated. Here, we show that during diet-induced thermogenesis and obesity, levels of PLD2 but not PLD1 in adipose tissue are inversely related with uncoupling protein 1, a key thermogenic protein.

Global Differences in Risk Factors, Etiology, and Outcome of Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults-A Worldwide Meta-analysis: The GOAL Initiative.

Background And Objectives: There is a worldwide increase in the incidence of stroke in young adults, with major regional and ethnic differences. Advancing knowledge of ethnic and regional variation in causes and outcomes will be beneficial in implementation of regional health care services. We studied the global distribution of risk factors, causes, and 3-month mortality of young patients with ischemic stroke, by performing a patient data meta-analysis from different cohorts worldwide.

Imaging the Substantia Nigra in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes.

Parkinson disease is characterized by dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. There are various imaging markers for Parkinson disease. Recent advances in MRI have enabled elucidation of the underlying pathophysiologic changes in the nigral structure.

Efficacy and Safety of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in Korean Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: A Pooled Analysis of Five Phase II/III Trials.

Background/aims: Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) is the first pan-genotypic direct-acting antiviral combination therapy approved in Korea. An integrated analysis of five phase II and III trials was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of G/P in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Methods: The study analyzed pooled data on Korean patients with HCV infection enrolled in the ENDURANCE 1 and 2, SURVEYOR II part 4 and VOYAGE I and II trials, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of 8 or 12 weeks of G/P treatment.

Predictors of the Effects of Flow Diversion in Very Large and Giant Aneurysms.

Background And Purpose: The treatment paradigm for very large and giant aneurysms has recently changed to flow diversion, in light of the results of the Pipeline for Uncoilable or Failed Aneurysms trial. However, the effects of flow diversion were definitely unknown. We explored this topic and identified the predictors of such effects.

Determining the Degree of Dopaminergic Denervation Based on the Loss of Nigral Hyperintensity on SMWI in Parkinsonism.

Background And Purpose: Nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in patients with Parkinson disease can be assessed using I-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-nortropan dopamine transporter (I-FP-CIT) SPECT, and a good correlation has been demonstrated between nigral status on SWI and dopaminergic denervation on I-FP-CIT SPECT. Here, we aim to correlate quantified dopamine transporter attenuation on I-FP-CIT SPECT with nigrosome-1 status using susceptibility map-weighted imaging (SMWI).

Materials And Methods: Between May 2017 and January 2018, consecutive patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease ( = 109) and control participants ( = 29) who underwent I-FP-CIT SPECT with concurrent 3T SWI were included.

A novel histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor improves myelination of Schwann cells in a model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A.

Background And Purpose: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy. CMT type 1A (CMT1A) accounts for approximately 50% of CMT patients and is linked to PMP22 gene duplication. Histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) has pleiotropic effects, such as regulating lipid homeostasis and cellular stress.