A Review of the Fabrication of Pinhole-Free Thin Films Based on Electrodeposition Technology: Theory, Methods and Progress.

Pinhole defects in thin films can significantly degrade their physical and chemical properties and act as sites for electrochemical corrosion. Therefore, the development of methods for the preparation of pinhole-free films is crucial. Electrodeposition, recognised for its efficiency and cost-effectiveness, shows great potential for applications in electrochemistry, biosensors, solar cells and electronic device fabrication.

Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Nonacute Subdural Hematoma.

Background: The effect of embolization of the middle meningeal artery in patients with subacute or chronic subdural hematoma is uncertain.

Methods: We performed a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial in China, involving patients with symptomatic nonacute subdural hematoma with mass effect. Patients were assigned to undergo burr-hole drainage or receive nonsurgical treatment at the surgeon's discretion, and patients in each group were then randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to undergo middle meningeal artery embolization with liquid embolic material or to receive usual care.

All-Arthroscopic Treatment of Combined Off-Track Hill-Sachs Lesions Using Interference Screw and Shoulder Glenoid Bone Defects Using Bone Grafting With Soft Fixation.

Bony changes such as glenoid bone defects and Hill-Sachs lesions are responsible for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations. With the development of arthroscopic techniques as well as arthroscopic surgical instruments, arthroscopic repair of bony structures has become an important surgical procedure for the treatment of recurrent shoulder dislocation. In this Technical Note, we used screws to fill Hill-Sachs lesions and autologous iliac bone grafts combined with soft tissue to repair the glenoid bone defects.

A Polymeric Two-in-One Electron Transport Layer and Transparent Electrode for Efficient Indoor All-Organic Solar Cells.

Transparent electrodes (TEs) are vital in optoelectronic devices, enabling the interaction of light and charges. While indium tin oxide (ITO) has traditionally served as a benchmark TE, its high cost prompts the exploration of alternatives to optimize electrode characteristics and improve device efficiencies. Conducting polymers, which combine polymer advantages with metal-like conductivity, emerge as a promising solution for TEs.

Utility of Chimeric Mice with Humanized Livers for Predicting Hepatic Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1B-Mediated Clinical Drug-Drug Interactions.

The influence of transporters on the pharmacokinetics of drugs is being increasingly recognized, and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) via modulation of transporters could lead to clinical adverse events. Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B (OATP1B) is a liver-specific uptake transporter in humans that can transport a broad range of substrates, including statins. It is a challenge to predict OATP1B-mediated DDIs using preclinical animal models because of species differences in substrate specificity and abundance levels of transporters.

Fractional Anisotropy is a More Sensitive Diagnostic Biomarker Than Mean Kurtosis for Patients with Parkinson Disease with Cognitive Dysfunction: A Diffusional Kurtosis Map Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study.

Background And Purpose: There is heterogeneity of white matter damage in Parkinson's disease patients with different cognitive states. Our aim was to find sensitive diffusional kurtosis imaging biomarkers to differentiate the white matter damage pattern of mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Materials And Methods: Nineteen patients with Parkinson disease with mild cognitive impairment and 18 patients with Parkinson disease with dementia were prospectively enrolled.

Anterior Shoulder Stabilization Using Single Needle-Assisted Outside-In Remplissage Technique and Bankart Repair.

Arthroscopic repair of Bankart injury is the first choice for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability. How to avoid recurring shoulder joint dislocation is a challenge, especially when combined with Hill-Sachs lesions. The arthroscopy technology allows for broader vision and less surgical trauma but is limited by a smaller operating space.

Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 downregulates IL-1β expression in mice with experimental autoimmune myocarditis.

Autoimmune myocarditis is the limited or diffuse inflammation of the myocardium due to dysfunctional cellular and humoral immunity mechanisms. We constructed mouse models of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) using peptide MyHC-α614-629. On the day after secondary immunization, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632.

Long-term Risks of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Across Steatotic Liver Disease Subtypes.

Introduction: The prospective study aimed to investigate the long-term associated risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) across various subtypes of steatotic liver disease (SLD).

Methods: We enrolled 332,175 adults who participated in a health screening program between 1997 and 2013. Participants were categorized into various subtypes, including metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD), MASLD with excessive alcohol consumption (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), based on ultrasonography findings, alcohol consumption patterns, and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Peapod-Like Structured B/N Co-Doped Carbon Nanotube Array Encapsulating MP (M = Fe, Co, and Ni) Nanoparticles for High-Rate Potassium Storage.

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have become the desirable alternatives for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) originating from abundant reserves and appropriate redox potential, while the considerable radius size of K leading to poor reaction kinetics and huge volume expansion limits the practical application of PIBs. Hybridization of transition-metal phosphides and carbon substrates can effectively optimize the obstacles of poor conductivity, sluggish kinetics, and huge volume variation. Thus, the peapod-like structural MP@BNCNTs (M = Fe, Co, and Ni) composites as anode materials for PIBs were synthesized through a facile strategy.

Origin of stronger binding of ionic pair (IP) inhibitor to Aβ42 than the equimolar neutral counterparts: synergy mechanism of IP in disrupting Aβ42 protofibril and inhibiting Aβ42 aggregation under two pH conditions.

Fibrous aggregates of beta-amyloid (Aβ) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several major strategies of drugs or inhibitors, including neutral molecules, positive or negative ions, and dual-inhibitor, are used to inhibit the misfolding or aggregation of Aβ42, among which a kind of dual-inhibitor composed of a pair of positive and negative ions is emerging as the most powerful candidate. This knowledge lacks the origin of the strong inhibitory effect and synergy mechanisms blocking the development and application of such inhibitors.

Serum cholesterol levels and the risk of brain natriuretic peptide-diagnosed heart failure in postmenopausal women: a population-based prospective cohort study.

Objective: Hormonal changes during menopause can disturb serum cholesterol which is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the prospective association between serum cholesterol and heart failure (HF) risk in postmenopausal women.

Methods: We analyzed data from 1,307 Japanese women, aged 55 to 94 years.

Orelabrutinib for the treatment of relapsed or refractory MCL: a phase 1/2, open-label, multicenter, single-arm study.

Relapsed or refractory (r/r) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy with a poor prognosis. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a mediator of B-cell receptor signaling and is associated with the development of B-cell lymphomas. Patients with r/r MCL were enrolled in this phase 1/2 study and treated with orelabrutinib, a novel, highly selective BTK inhibitor.

Phase I study of A166, an antibody‒drug conjugate in advanced HER2-expressing solid tumours.

In this phase I study, the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumour activity of the HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate A166 were evaluated in patients with HER2-expressing advanced solid tumours. Patients with advanced solid tumours refractory to standard therapies received A166 at doses of 0.1, 0.

Clinical Relevance of Plaque Distribution for Basilar Artery Stenosis.

Background And Purpose: There is no clear association between plaque distribution and postoperative complications in patients with basilar artery atherosclerotic stenosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether plaque distribution and postoperative complications after endovascular treatment for basilar artery stenosis are related.

Materials And Methods: Our study enrolled patients with severe basilar artery stenosis who were scanned with high-resolution MR imaging and followed by DSA before the intervention.

Somatically hypermutated antibodies isolated from SARS-CoV-2 Delta infected patients cross-neutralize heterologous variants.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants feature highly mutated spike proteins with extraordinary abilities in evading antibodies isolated earlier in the pandemic. Investigation of memory B cells from patients primarily with breakthrough infections with the Delta variant enables isolation of a number of neutralizing antibodies cross-reactive to heterologous variants of concern (VOCs) including Omicron variants (BA.1-BA.

Blood Pressure Levels, Cardiovascular Events, and Renal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease Without Antihypertensive Therapy: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: High blood pressure (BP) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the thresholds to initiate BP-lowering treatment in this population are unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between BP levels and clinical outcomes and provide evidence on potential thresholds to initiate BP-lowering therapy in people with chronic kidney disease.

Drag-and-drop genome insertion of large sequences without double-strand DNA cleavage using CRISPR-directed integrases.

Programmable genome integration of large, diverse DNA cargo without DNA repair of exposed DNA double-strand breaks remains an unsolved challenge in genome editing. We present programmable addition via site-specific targeting elements (PASTE), which uses a CRISPR-Cas9 nickase fused to both a reverse transcriptase and serine integrase for targeted genomic recruitment and integration of desired payloads. We demonstrate integration of sequences as large as ~36 kilobases at multiple genomic loci across three human cell lines, primary T cells and non-dividing primary human hepatocytes.

Causality of Opportunistic Pathogen to Hypertension Development.

Background: Previous studies have reported a strong association between gut microbiome and hypertension; yet, the exact bacterial species associated with the disease development and progression have not yet been detected. This study aimed to investigate whether opportunistic pathogen is a causal factor for hypertension pathogenesis, and explore the potential mechanisms.

Methods: The enrichment of in the gut of patients with hypertension was validated by meta-analysis based on 3 independent cohorts.

Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy and Surgery Improves Metastasis-Free Survival over Surgery Alone in a Primary Mouse Model of Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

This study aims to investigate whether adding neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT), anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody (anti-PD-1), or RT + anti-PD-1 to surgical resection improves disease-free survival for mice with soft tissue sarcomas (STS). We generated a high mutational load primary mouse model of STS by intramuscular injection of adenovirus expressing Cas9 and guide RNA targeting Trp53 and intramuscular injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) into the gastrocnemius muscle of wild-type mice (p53/MCA model). We randomized tumor-bearing mice to receive isotype control or anti-PD-1 antibody with or without radiotherapy (20 Gy), followed by hind limb amputation.

Safety and immunogenicity of a hybrid-type vaccine booster in BBIBP-CorV recipients in a randomized phase 2 trial.

NVSI-06-08 is a potential broad-spectrum recombinant COVID-19 vaccine that integrates the antigens from multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains into a single immunogen. Here, we evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of NVSI-06-08 as a heterologous booster dose in BBIBP-CorV recipients in a randomized, double-blind, controlled, phase 2 trial conducted in the United Arab Emirates (NCT05069129). Three groups of healthy adults over 18 years of age (600 participants per group) who have administered two doses of BBIBP-CorV 4-6-month, 7-9-month and >9-month earlier, respectively, are randomized 1:1 to receive either a homologous booster of BBIBP-CorV or a heterologous booster of NVSI-06-08.

Immunogenicity and safety of NVSI-06-07 as a heterologous booster after priming with BBIBP-CorV: a phase 2 trial.

The increased coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) breakthrough cases pose the need of booster vaccination. We conducted a randomised, double-blinded, controlled, phase 2 trial to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the heterologous prime-boost vaccination with an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) followed by a recombinant protein-based vaccine (NVSI-06-07), using homologous boost with BBIBP-CorV as control. Three groups of healthy adults (600 individuals per group) who had completed two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccinations 1-3 months, 4-6 months and ≥6 months earlier, respectively, were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either NVSI-06-07 or BBIBP-CorV boost.