Site-selective chlorination of pyrrolic heterocycles by flavin dependent enzyme PrnC.

Halogenation of pyrrole requires strong electrophilic reagents and often leads to undesired polyhalogenated products. Biocatalytic halogenation is a highly attractive approach given its chemoselectivity and benign reaction conditions. While there are several reports of enzymatic phenol and indole halogenation in organic synthesis, corresponding reports on enzymatic pyrrole halogenation have been lacking.

Epicardial Adipose Tissue Assessed by Computed Tomography and Echocardiography Are Associated With Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has garnered attention as a prognostic and risk stratification factor for cardiovascular disease. This study, via meta-analyses, evaluates the associations between EAT and cardiovascular outcomes stratified across imaging modalities, ethnic groups, and study protocols.

Methods: Medline and Embase databases were searched without date restriction on May 2022 for articles that examined EAT and cardiovascular outcomes.

Eligibility criteria from pharmaceutical randomised controlled trials of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a registry-based study.

Background: Little is known about generalisability of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We evaluated eligibility criteria for phase III IPF RCTs to determine their representativeness in clinical registries, and calculated forced vital capacity (FVC) changes according to eligibility criteria.

Methods: Common eligibility criteria used in >60% of IPF RCTs were identified from a literature search and applied to patients with IPF from prospective Australian and Canadian registries.

A mixed-methods pilot study of handheld fan for breathlessness in interstitial lung disease.

Dyspnoea is a cardinal symptom of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), with a lack of proven effective therapies. With emerging evidence of the role of facial and nasal airflow for relieving breathlessness, this pilot study was conducted to examine the feasibility of conducting a clinical trial of a handheld fan (HHF) for dyspnoea management in patients with fibrotic ILD. In this mixed-methods, randomised, assessor-blinded, controlled trial, 30 participants with fibrotic ILD who were dyspnoeic with a modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea grade ≥ 2 were randomised to a HHF for symptom control or no intervention for 2 weeks.

Prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis without anti-fibrotic therapy: a systematic review.

In addition to facilitating healthcare delivery planning, reliable information about prognosis is essential for treatment decisions in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This review aimed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with IPF without anti-fibrotic therapy. We included all cohort studies and the placebo arms of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in IPF and follow-up of ≥12 months.

Predictive equation for optimal continuous positive airway pressure in children with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Aim: A subgroup of children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) requires treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). This study's aims were: 1) to determine if the optimal CPAP for the treatment of OSA in children correlates with body mass index (BMI); 2) to determine the correlation between polysomnographic variables and optimal CPAP in children with OSA; and 3) to develop a CPAP predictive equation for children with OSA.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of children with OSA who underwent CPAP titration studies.

The supportive care needs of people living with pulmonary fibrosis and their caregivers: a systematic review.

Background: People with pulmonary fibrosis often experience a protracted time to diagnosis, high symptom burden and limited disease information. This review aimed to identify the supportive care needs reported by people with pulmonary fibrosis and their caregivers.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.

Long-term tolerance of a fractured self-expanding metal stent in a patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Self-expanding metals stent are used for recanalization of malignant CAO. Fracture of such a stent has been described. This prompts its removal.

Oxygen therapy in COPD and interstitial lung disease: navigating the knowns and unknowns.

Domiciliary oxygen therapy is often prescribed for patients with hypoxaemia due to advanced lung disease, most commonly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) trials conducted in patients with COPD in the 1980s remain the basis for clinical decisions and guideline recommendations regarding LTOT for patients with non-COPD conditions as there is a lack of high-quality evidence concerning its use in the non-COPD population. There is also a lack of evidence for the use of ambulatory and nocturnal oxygen therapy in patients with isolated exertional and nocturnal hypoxaemia.