Publications by authors named "Y-D Zhang"
Compliant mechanisms with reconfigurable degrees of freedom are gaining attention in the development of kinesthetic haptic devices, robotic systems, and mechanical metamaterials. However, available devices exhibit limited programmability and form-customizability, restricting their versatility. To address this gap, we propose a metastructure concept featuring reconfigurable motional freedom and tunable stiffness, adaptable to various form factors and applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale And Objectives: This study aimed to develop a predictive model for peritoneal metastasis (PM) in ovarian cancer using a combination radiomics and clinical biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study of 619 ovarian cancer patients involved demographic data, radiomics, O-RADS standardized description, clinical biomarkers, and histological findings. Radiomics features were extracted using 3D Slicer and Pyradiomics, with selective feature extraction using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression.
Rationale And Objectives: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status, glioma subtypes and tumor proliferation are important for glioma evaluation. We comprehensively compare the diagnostic performance of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MRI and its related metrics in glioma diagnosis, in the context of the latest classification.
Materials And Methods: Totally 110 patients with adult-type diffuse gliomas underwent APTw imaging.
Background Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is an effective method for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO) in patients with moderate to severe deficits but has unclear benefits in patients with low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at hospital admission. Purpose To compare the clinical outcomes of best medical management (BMM) alone versus BMM and early EVT (door-to-puncture time [DPT] ≤ 120 minutes) versus BMM and late EVT (DPT > 120 minutes) in patients with VBAO who have NIHSS scores of 10 or less at admission. Materials and Methods This retrospective study evaluated patients with VBAO and admission NIHSS score of 10 or less who were seen at 65 stroke centers in China from December 2015 to June 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlecirasib (JAB-21822) is a new covalent oral KRAS-G12C inhibitor. This multicenter, single-arm phase 2b study assessed the efficacy and safety of glecirasib administered orally at 800 mg daily in patients with locally advanced or metastatic KRAS-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) assessed by an independent review committee (IRC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Early neurological deterioration (END) is linked to poor outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and the study investigates how the drug evolocumab can help prevent this condition by lowering LDL cholesterol levels.
- The research was a clinical trial with AIS patients divided into two groups: one receiving evolocumab combined with atorvastatin and the other receiving atorvastatin alone, assessing outcomes like END rates and inflammatory markers over 7 days.
- Results showed that the combination therapy group had significantly lower rates of END (13.2% vs. 24.3%) and a much higher LDL cholesterol target achievement rate (74.3% vs. 14.7%), indicating the effectiveness of evolocumab in this context.
Background: Targeting the TGF-β pathway in tumor therapy has proven challenging due to the highly context-dependent functions of TGF-β. Integrin αvβ8, a pivotal activator of TGF-β, has been implicated in TGF-β signaling within tumors, as demonstrated by the significant anti-tumor effects of anti-αvβ8 antibodies. Nevertheless, the expression profile of αvβ8 remains a subject of debate, and the precise mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of anti-αvβ8 antibodies are not yet fully elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncolytic viruses have been considered promising cancer immunotherapies. However, oncovirotherapy agents impart durable responses in only a subset of cancer patients. Thus, exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous responses in patients can provide guidance to develop more effective oncolytic virus therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This study explored the clinical prognosis and lipidomics of hepatitis B virus steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-SHHCC) and aimed to identify a noninvasive and convenient method to diagnose this phenotype and guide treatment using MRI.
Methods: A total of 433 HBV-infected HCC patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Survival data were analyzed using Cox regression analyses, and lipidomics was used to study HCC tissue composition.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to find out the best systolic blood pressure targets for patients over 50 with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, comparing intensive treatment (target <120 mm Hg) to standard treatment (target <140 mm Hg) over 5 years.
- Out of 12,821 patients, the intensive treatment group had a lower average systolic blood pressure after one year (121.6 mm Hg) compared to the standard group (133.2 mm Hg), resulting in significantly fewer major cardiovascular events.
- Despite the lower overall events in the intensive group, there were more cases of symptomatic hypotension and hyperkalemia, but the rates of serious adverse events were similar in both groups.
Rationale And Objectives: To construct a radiomics nomogram derived from multiparametric ultrasound (US) imaging using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method for the accurate identification of residual axillary lymph node metastases post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) among patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Methods: A total of 405 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed TNBC between 2016 and 2023 were recruited in the study and were divided into training (n = 284) and validation cohorts (n = 121). Radiomics features capturing detailed tumor characteristics were extracted from pre-NAC gray-scale US images at the locations of US-guided clip placement.
Study Question: What molecular mechanisms underlie the decline in ovarian reserve as the number and quality of oocytes decrease in patients with ovarian endometriomas (OEM)?
Summary Answer: Elevated expression of the let-7 micro(mi)RNAs in the follicular microenvironment of OEM-affected ovaries targets the expression of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) in granulosa cell (GC) and disrupts their proliferation, steroid hormone secretion levels, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy metabolism, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidative stress levels.
What Is Known Already: Patients with OEM exhibit diminished ovarian reserve, characterized by reduced oocyte quantity and quality. Fibrotic changes in the ovarian tissue surrounding the OEM create a disruptive microenvironment for follicular growth and development.
Background And Purpose: The underlying transcriptomic signatures driving brain functional alterations in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are still unclear.
Materials And Methods: Regional fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) values were obtained and compared among 209 patients with MS, 90 patients with antiaquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4)+ NMOSD, 49 with AQP4- NMOSD, and 228 healthy controls from a discovery cohort. We used partial least squares (PLS) regression to identify the gene transcriptomic signatures associated with disease-related fALFF alterations.
Article Synopsis
- A significant portion of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) arise from macrovascular causes, necessitating a swift diagnosis, often through invasive procedures like digital subtraction angiography (DSA), which aren't suitable for all patients.
- This study aimed to develop a new risk stratification score, the MACRO score, incorporating MRI findings to improve the identification of macrovascular causes of ICH.
- The MACRO score successfully incorporates various patient factors and MRI markers, demonstrating better predictive capabilities than current CT-based scores, validating its effectiveness in a diverse patient population.
Article Synopsis
- Recent guidelines suggest that individuals with prehypertension (130/80 to 139/89 mm Hg) should consider antihypertensive treatment; this study assesses the cost-effectiveness of three interventions: salt substitution, antihypertensive drugs, and their combination in Chinese adults.
- A Markov cohort model was used to estimate the impact of these interventions on cardiovascular disease events, costs, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), utilizing data from the China Kadoorie Biobank.
- The findings indicate that salt substitution is the most cost-effective strategy for prehypertensive individuals starting at age 40, while a combination intervention is best for those at high cardiovascular risk; beginning these interventions at younger ages can lead to more
Rationale And Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, immune-related adverse events still occur, of which checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is the most common. We aimed to construct and validate a contrast-enhanced computed tomography-based radiomic nomogram to predict the probability of CIP before ICIs treatment in NSCLC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to evade current monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), emphasizing the need for more resilient treatments that can neutralize various viral strains.
- - A new human mAb called VIR-7229 has shown the ability to effectively neutralize multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 and other related viruses, due to its unique targeting of a critical viral region known as the receptor-binding motif (RBM).
- - VIR-7229 demonstrates a high resistance to the emergence of virus escape mutants, making it a promising candidate for future therapies against evolving coronaviruses.
Article Synopsis
- Preliminary results from a phase I clinical trial show positive outcomes for a patient receiving autologous transplantation of chemically induced pluripotent stem cell-derived islets (CiPSC islets) to treat type 1 diabetes.
- After 75 days post-transplant, the patient achieved sustained insulin independence, and their time-in-target glycemic range significantly improved from 43.18% to 96.21%.
- At the 1-year mark, the patient maintained stable glycemic control, with over 98% time-in-target and glycated hemoglobin levels around 5%, indicating the need for further studies on CiPSC-islet transplantation.
Article Synopsis
- Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) is a leading cause of ischemic strokes in young adults, and this study explored the effects of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) on patients with CeAD and stroke symptoms.
- Analyzed data from the STOP-CAD study, it found that IVT significantly improved functional independence after 90 days in patients without increasing the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.
- The results suggest that IVT is a beneficial treatment for eligible patients with CeAD, aligning with current medical guidelines on its use.
Article Synopsis
- In June 2019, a patient in Inner Mongolia developed severe symptoms after a tick bite, leading to the discovery of a new virus named Wetland virus (WELV) through advanced genetic testing.
- Active surveillance identified 17 cases of WELV infection across multiple regions in China, with patients exhibiting a range of nonspecific symptoms and laboratory abnormalities.
- WELV was isolated from various ticks and animals, and studies showed that it can cause serious illness in mice, indicating a potential tick vector for the virus.
Objectives: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-associated lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has a high risk of recurrence, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. We, therefore, aimed to characterize patterns of recurrent ICH.
Methods: We investigated early recurrent ICH (≥1 recurrent ICH event within 90 days of the index event) and ICH clusters (≥2 ICH events within 90 days at any time point) in 2 large cohorts of consecutive patients with first-ever ICH and available MRI.
Article Synopsis
- Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common eye condition that leads to dry eye and impacts quality of life, prompting a study on the relationship between meibography signal intensity (SI) and gland function.
- A multicenter study involving 817 eyes from MGD patients and 52 healthy controls found significant correlations between SI and various ocular symptoms, highlighting the importance of SI for clinical assessment.
- Results showed that lower SI levels were associated with more severe symptoms, while higher SI indicated better outcomes, underscoring the relevance of SI measurements in diagnosing and treating MGD.*
Article Synopsis
- The study looked at how a liver disease called MASLD affects many other health problems for people in Europe.
- Researchers analyzed a lot of data to find connections between MASLD and 96 different diseases, like heart and metabolic issues.
- The findings will help doctors create better treatments for people with MASLD by understanding how it interacts with other health problems.
Sirt1 Deficiency Promotes Age-Related AF Through Enhancing Atrial Necroptosis by Activation of RIPK1 Acetylation.
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol
July 2024
Background: Aging is one of the most potent risk determinants for the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF). Sirts (sirtuins) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, and their expression declines with aging. However, whether Sirts involved in age-related AF and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Preoperative local-regional tumor staging for gastric cancer is essential for effective treatment planning, and a study aimed to compare the accuracy of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and dual-energy CT (DECT) in this context.
- The research involved 202 patients undergoing both imaging techniques before surgery, with diagnostic accuracy evaluated by six radiologists against the surgical specimens as the reference standard.
- Results indicated that mpMRI outperformed DECT in T staging, while also providing equal or better accuracy in N staging, highlighting its potential as a more reliable imaging option for gastric cancer patients.