Specifically blocking αvβ8-mediated TGF-β signaling to reverse immunosuppression by modulating macrophage polarization.

Background: Targeting the TGF-β pathway in tumor therapy has proven challenging due to the highly context-dependent functions of TGF-β. Integrin αvβ8, a pivotal activator of TGF-β, has been implicated in TGF-β signaling within tumors, as demonstrated by the significant anti-tumor effects of anti-αvβ8 antibodies. Nevertheless, the expression profile of αvβ8 remains a subject of debate, and the precise mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of anti-αvβ8 antibodies are not yet fully elucidated.

Imaging Transcriptomics of Brain Functional Alterations in MS and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Background And Purpose: The underlying transcriptomic signatures driving brain functional alterations in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are still unclear.

Materials And Methods: Regional fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) values were obtained and compared among 209 patients with MS, 90 patients with antiaquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4)+ NMOSD, 49 with AQP4- NMOSD, and 228 healthy controls from a discovery cohort. We used partial least squares (PLS) regression to identify the gene transcriptomic signatures associated with disease-related fALFF alterations.

Sirt1 Deficiency Promotes Age-Related AF Through Enhancing Atrial Necroptosis by Activation of RIPK1 Acetylation.

Background: Aging is one of the most potent risk determinants for the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF). Sirts (sirtuins) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, and their expression declines with aging. However, whether Sirts involved in age-related AF and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

Exploring the microRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with solasonine in bladder cancer.

Background: Solasonine has been demonstrated to exert an inhibitory effect on bladder cancer (BC), but the potential mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the association between microRNAs (miRNAs)-mediated regulation and the anti-tumor activities of solasonine in BC.

Methods: MiRNA sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-miRNAs) associated with solasonine in BC cells.

IRE1α Mediates the Hypertrophic Growth of Cardiomyocytes Through Facilitating the Formation of Initiation Complex to Promote the Translation of TOP-Motif Transcripts.

Background: Cardiomyocyte growth is coupled with active protein synthesis, which is one of the basic biological processes in living cells. However, it is unclear whether the unfolded protein response transducers and effectors directly take part in the control of protein synthesis. The connection between critical functions of the unfolded protein response in cellular physiology and requirements of multiple processes for cell growth prompted us to investigate the role of the unfolded protein response in cell growth and underlying molecular mechanisms.

Overexpressed Trophoblast Glycoprotein Contributes to Preeclampsia Development by Inducing Abnormal Trophoblast Migration and Invasion Toward the Uterine Spiral Artery.

Background: Preeclampsia is a significant pregnancy disorder with an unknown cause, mainly attributed to impaired spiral arterial remodeling.

Methods: Using RNA sequencing, we identified key genes in placental tissues from healthy individuals and preeclampsia patients. Placenta and plasma samples from pregnant women were collected to detect the expression of TPBG (trophoblast glycoprotein).

Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder Combined With Linaclotide for Colon Cleansing in Patients With Chronic Constipation Undergoing Colonoscopy: A Multicenter, Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Constipation is an independent risk factor for poor bowel preparation. This study aimed to evaluate the bowel cleansing efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol (PEG) combined with linaclotide (lin) for colonoscopy in patients with chronic constipation (CC).

Methods: This single-blinded, randomized, controlled, and multicenter study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2022 at 7 hospitals.

FSH Is Responsible for Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Associated Atherosclerosis in Mice by Exaggerating Endothelial Inflammation and Monocyte Adhesion.

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. But ADTs with orchiectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which appears less significant with GnRH antagonist. The difference of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in ADT modalities is hypothesized to be responsible for ADT-associated cardiovascular diseases.

Effectiveness and safety of ivabradine in Chinese patients with chronic heart failure: an observational study.

Aims: A therapeutic strategy for chronic heart failure (HF) is to lower resting heart rate (HR). Ivabradine is a well-known HR-lowering agent, but limited prospective data exist regarding its use in Chinese patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ivabradine in Chinese patients with chronic HF.

Mechanical Thrombectomy for Large Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objectives: There is growing evidence for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with large ischemic core infarct and large vessel occlusion (LVO). The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of EVT vs medical management (MM) using a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to obtain articles related to mechanical thrombectomy for large ischemic core from inception until February 10, 2023.

Trial of Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large Infarct.

Background: The role of endovascular therapy for acute stroke with a large infarction has not been extensively studied in differing populations.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, open-label, randomized trial in China involving patients with acute large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score of 3 to 5 (range, 0 to 10, with lower values indicating larger infarction) or an infarct-core volume of 70 to 100 ml. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio within 24 hours from the time they were last known to be well to undergo endovascular therapy and receive medical management or to receive medical management alone.

Impact of Renal Function on Short-Term Outcome After Reperfusion Therapy in Patients With Ischemic Stroke.

Background: A high and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) could affect outcomes after reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke. This study aimed to determine whether renal function based on eGFR affects mortality risk in patients with ischemic stroke within 6 months following reperfusion therapy.

Methods: This prospective registry-based cohort study included 2266 patients who received reperfusion therapy between January 2000 and September 2019 and were registered in the SECRET (Selection Criteria in Endovascular Thrombectomy and Thrombolytic Therapy) study or the Yonsei Stroke Cohort.

Experimental study of water migration characteristics in compacted loess subjected to rainfall infiltration.

In order to study the effect of the rainfall infiltration on water migration in compacted loess, a model device was developed for testing water migration in the soil under rainfall conditions. In this study, the volumetric water content and resistivity of soil were introduced into the model test device. This model test device was applied to the study of water migration characteristics in compacted loess under different rainfall conditions.

Safety and efficacy of tisagenlecleucel plus pembrolizumab in patients with r/r DLBCL: phase 1b PORTIA study results.

Tisagenlecleucel demonstrated high response rates and a manageable safety profile in adults with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) in the JULIET trial. However, lack of response and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell exhaustion were observed in patients with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) overexpression. Hence, pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, was hypothesized to improve efficacy and cellular expansion of CAR T-cells in vivo.

Time-of-Flight Intracranial MRA at 3 T versus 5 T versus 7 T: Visualization of Distal Small Cerebral Arteries.

Background Three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) at 7 T has been reported to have high image quality for visualizing small perforating vessels. However, B inhomogeneity and more physiologic considerations limit its applications. Angiography at 5 T may provide another choice for intracranial vascular imaging.

Immunomodulatory Effect of Polysaccharide from Fermented L. (Noni) on RAW 264.7 Macrophage and Balb/c Mice.

This study aims to determine the immunomodulatory effects of a polysaccharide fraction from fermented L. (FMP) in RAW 264.7 macrophages and Balb/c mice.

Investigating the Genetic Characteristics of Hippocampal Volume and Plasma β-Amyloid in a Chinese Community-Dwelling Population.

Background And Objectives: The genetic characteristics and correlations of hippocampal volume (HV) and plasma β-amyloid (Aβ), probable endophenotypes for dementia, remain to be explored in a Chinese community cohort. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array genotyping, we sought to identify rare and common variants and genes influencing these 2 endophenotypes and calculate their heritability and genetic correlation.

Methods: Association analyses with both WES and SNP array genotyping data were performed for HV and plasma Aβ with mixed-effect linear regression model adjusted for sex, age, and total intracranial volume or ε4 while considering familial relatedness.

Contemporary Update of Retinoblastoma in China: Three-Decade Changes in Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Treatments, and Outcomes.

Purpose: To report three-decade changes of clinical characteristics, progress of treatments, and risk factors associated with mortality and enucleation in patients with retinoblastoma in China.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: This multicenter study included 2552 patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma in 38 medical centers in 31 provinces in China from 1989 to 2017, with follow-up data.