Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Effective targets for systolic blood-pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes are unclear.

Methods: We enrolled patients 50 years of age or older with type 2 diabetes, elevated systolic blood pressure, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at 145 clinical sites across China. Patients were randomly assigned to receive intensive treatment that targeted a systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mm Hg or standard treatment that targeted a systolic blood pressure of less than 140 mm Hg for up to 5 years.

The Enhancement of Regulatory T Cell Maturation and Th1/Th2 Balance through FOXP3 Expression by in an Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Skin Animal Model.

Chronic allergic skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis (AD), are characterized by pruritus, erythema, xerosis, desquamation, and inflammation, significantly impacting quality of life. Long-term steroid use, while common in treatment, carries the risk of adverse effects. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of subsp.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Protective Factor for Myopia.

Purpose: Animal models suggest omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may protect against myopia by modulating choroidal blood perfusion, but clinical evidence is scarce and mixed. We aimed to determine the causality between omega-3 PUFAs and myopia using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Design: Two-sample MR analysis.

Longitudinal Changes in Human Milk Minerals and Vitamins in the Chinese Population: A Scoping Review.

This scoping review aims to investigate longitudinal changes in minerals and vitamins concentrations in human milk among the Chinese population. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted using both English and Chinese databases. Data were extracted and categorized into six defined lactation stages.

Visualizing the Habenula Using 3T High-Resolution MP2RAGE and QSM: A Preliminary Study.

Background And Purpose: The habenula is a key node in the regulation of emotion-related behavior. Accurate visualization of the habenula and its reliable quantitative analysis is vital for the assessment of psychiatric disorders. To obtain high-contrast habenula images and allow them to be compatible with clinical applications, this preliminary study compared 3T MP2RAGE and quantitative susceptibility mapping with MPRAGE by evaluating the habenula segmentation performance.

Personalized circulating tumor DNA monitoring improves recurrence surveillance and management after curative resection of colorectal liver metastases: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Approximately 60% of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) experience relapse within 2 years after radical resection, previous studies have proven that repeat local treatment (LT) could prolong survival, however, it is difficult to seize the window for LT due to the lack of a high-sensitive surveillance method. In this study, the authors aim to examine the value of longitudinal circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in guiding adjuvant chemotherapy, optimizing clinical surveillance strategy, and thereby improving CRLM outcomes.

Materials And Methods: The authors conducted a prospective clinical trial using a personalized, tumor-informed ctDNA assay to monitor 60 CRLM patients undergoing resection with curative intent.

Indole-3-Propionic Acid Protects Against Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common but poorly understood form of heart failure, characterized by impaired diastolic function. It is highly heterogeneous with multiple comorbidities, including obesity and diabetes, making human studies difficult.

Methods: Metabolomic analyses in a mouse model of HFpEF showed that levels of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a metabolite produced by gut bacteria from tryptophan, were reduced in the plasma and heart tissue of HFpEF mice as compared with controls.

A Deep Learning Decision Support Tool to Improve Risk Stratification and Reduce Unnecessary Biopsies in BI-RADS 4 Mammograms.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a biopsy decision support algorithmic model, the intelligent-augmented breast cancer risk calculator (iBRISK), on a multicenter patient dataset.

Materials And Methods: iBRISK was previously developed by applying deep learning to clinical risk factors and mammographic descriptors from 9700 patient records at the primary institution and validated using another 1078 patients. All patients were seen from March 2006 to December 2016.

Machine Learning Methods Based on CT Features Differentiate G1/G2 From G3 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Rationale And Objectives: To identify CT features for distinguishing grade 1 (G1)/grade 2 (G2) from grade 3 (G3) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) using different machine learning (ML) methods.

Materials And Methods: A total of 147 patients with 155 lesions confirmed by pathology were retrospectively included. Clinical-demographic and radiological CT features was collected.

Structural characterization of tin in toothpaste by dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced Sn solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Stannous fluoride (SnF) is an effective fluoride source and antimicrobial agent that is widely used in commercial toothpaste formulations. The antimicrobial activity of SnF is partly attributed to the presence of Sn(II) ions. However, it is challenging to directly determine the Sn speciation and oxidation state within commercially available toothpaste products due to the low weight loading of SnF (0.

Activation of CYP3A by Accelerated Blood Clearance Phenomenon Potentiates the Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Targeting Therapeutic Effects of PEGylated Anticancer Prodrug Liposomes.

Reduced enzyme activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and poor targeting limit the application of enzyme-activating prodrugs, which is also detrimental to the effective treatment of HCC. Here, we investigated whether accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon occurs in HCC models following repeated injections of PEGylated liposomes (PEG-L), thus inducing prodrug accumulation and activation in the liver and exerting highly effective and low-toxicity therapeutic effects on HCC. First, PEGylated liposomal cyclophosphamide was prepared by solvent injection and characterized.

Structural Electronic Skin for Conformal Tactile Sensing.

The conformal integration of the electronic skin on the non-developable surface is in great demand for the comprehensive tactile sensing of robotics and prosthetics. However, the current techniques still encounter obstacles in achieving conformal integration of film-like electronic skin on non-developable surfaces with substantial curvatures for contact pressure detection and tactile mapping. In this paper, by utilizing the 3D printing technology to prepare the 3D electrode array in the structural component following its surface curvature, and covering it with a molded functional shell to form the pressure sensitive iontronic interface, a device is proposed to achieve high-sensitive pressure detection and high-fidelity tactile mapping on a complicated non-developable surface, called structural electronic skin (SES).

Ocular Manifestations and Outcomes in Children With Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Comparison With Adult Patients.

Purpose: To compare the clinical features and visual outcomes in children and adults with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).

Design: Retrospective comparative case series.

Methods: This retrospective study included 280 eyes of 140 patients (35 children and 105 adults) with SJS/TEN treated between 2010 and 2020.

Development and validation of a prognostic score to identify the optimal candidate for preemptive TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding.

Background And Aim: Baveno VII workshop recommends the use of preemptive TIPS (p-TIPS) in patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding (AVB) at high- risk of treatment failure. However, the criteria defining "high-risk" have low clinical accessibility or include subjective variables. We aimed to develop and externally validate a model for better identification of p-TIPS candidates.

Endothelial FIS1 DeSUMOylation Protects Against Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Hypoxia is a major cause and promoter of pulmonary hypertension (PH), a representative vascular remodeling disease with poor prognosis and high mortality. However, the mechanism underlying how pulmonary arterial system responds to hypoxic stress during PH remains unclear. Endothelial mitochondria are considered signaling organelles on oxygen tension.

Long-Term Treatment With Tenofovir Alafenamide for Chronic Hepatitis B Results in High Rates of Viral Suppression and Favorable Renal and Bone Safety.

Introduction: The results from 2 phase 3 studies, through 2 years, in chronic hepatitis B infection showed tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) had similar efficacy to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with superior renal and bone safety. We report updated results through 5 years.

Methods: Patients with HBeAg-negative or HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B infection with or without compensated cirrhosis were randomized (2:1) to TAF 25 mg or TDF 300 mg once daily in double-blind (DB) fashion for up to 3 years, followed by open-label (OL) TAF up to 8 years.

A chimeric antigen receptor uniquely recognizing MICA/B stress proteins provides an effective approach to target solid tumors.

Background: The advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies; however, broader therapeutic success of CAR T cells has been limited in solid tumors because of their frequently heterogeneous composition. Stress proteins in the MICA and MICB (MICA/B) family are broadly expressed by tumor cells following DNA damage but are rapidly shed to evade immune detection.

Methods: We have developed a novel CAR targeting the conserved α3 domain of MICA/B (3MICA/B CAR) and incorporated it into a multiplexed-engineered induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived natural killer (NK) cell (3MICA/B CAR iNK) that expressed a shedding-resistant form of the CD16 Fc receptor to enable tumor recognition through two major targeting receptors.

Safety and immunogenicity of homologous versus heterologous booster dose with AZD1222, mRNA-1273, or MVC-COV1901 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in adults: An observer-blinded, multi-center, phase 2 randomized trial.

Objectives: To report the safety and immunogenicity profile of a protein subunit vaccine (MVC-COV1901) compared to AZD1222 and mRNA-1273 when given as a third (booster) dose to individuals who have completed different primary vaccine regimens.

Methods: Individuals were classified according to their primary vaccine regimens, including two-dose MVC-COV1901, AZD1222, or mRNA-1273. A third dose of either half-dose MVC-COV1901, full-dose MVC-COV1901, standard-dose AZD1222, half-dose mRNA-1273 was administered in a 1:1:1:1 treatment ratio to individuals with an interval range of 84-365 days after the second dose.

Adeno-associated virus type 2 in US children with acute severe hepatitis.

As of August 2022, clusters of acute severe hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children have been reported from 35 countries, including the USA. Previous studies have found human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in the blood from patients in Europe and the USA, although it is unclear whether this virus is causative. Here we used PCR testing, viral enrichment-based sequencing and agnostic metagenomic sequencing to analyse samples from 16 HAdV-positive cases from 1 October 2021 to 22 May 2022, in parallel with 113 controls.

On-Site Computed Tomography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide Management of Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The TARGET Randomized Trial.

Background: Computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) using on-site machine learning enables identification of both the presence of coronary artery disease and vessel-specific ischemia. However, it is unclear whether on-site CT-FFR improves clinical or economic outcomes when compared with the standard of care in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Methods: In total, 1216 patients with stable coronary artery disease and an intermediate stenosis of 30% to 90% on coronary computed tomographic angiography were randomized to an on-site CT-FFR care pathway using machine learning or to standard care in 6 Chinese medical centers.

Trial of Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large Infarct.

Background: The role of endovascular therapy for acute stroke with a large infarction has not been extensively studied in differing populations.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, open-label, randomized trial in China involving patients with acute large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score of 3 to 5 (range, 0 to 10, with lower values indicating larger infarction) or an infarct-core volume of 70 to 100 ml. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio within 24 hours from the time they were last known to be well to undergo endovascular therapy and receive medical management or to receive medical management alone.

Efforts to Improve Survival Outcomes of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in China: BASIC-OHCA.

Background: Establishing registries to collect demographic characteristics, processes of care, and outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) can better understand epidemiological trends, measure care quality, and identify opportunities for improvement. This study aimed to describe the design, implementation, and scientific significance of a nationwide registry-the BASIC-OHCA (Baseline Investigation of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest)-in China.

Methods: BASIC-OHCA was designed as a prospective, multicenter, observational, population-based study.