Publications by authors named "Y-C Cheng"
Background: Whether it is effective and safe to extend the time window of intravenous thrombolysis up to 24 hours after the last known well is unknown. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large/medium vessel occlusion within an extended time window.
Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke presenting 4.
Article Synopsis
- Diamond-Blackfan anemia syndrome (DBAS) is a genetic disorder leading to bone marrow failure due to issues with ribosomal protein genes, mainly RPS19.
- The researchers created an advanced lentiviral vector called SJEFS-S19 aimed at gene therapy for DBAS, addressing challenges in obtaining patient stem cells.
- Preclinical tests showed that SJEFS-S19 can correct defects in blood cell production and safely generate a healthy mix of blood cell types in mice, indicating its potential for treating DBAS.
Background: The American Heart Association recently published guidelines on how to clinically identify and categorize individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. The extent to which CKM syndrome prevalence and prognosis differ by sex remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the impact of sex on trends in prevalence over 30 years and the long-term prognosis of CKM syndrome in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA powdery mildew (Pm) resistance locus PmRc1 was identified and transferred from Roegneria ciliaris into wheat. Two compensative translocation lines carrying PmRc1 were developed. Powdery mildew (Pm), caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe multifunctional cytokine TGF-b is produced in a latent form (L-TGF-b) where a RGD containing homodimeric prodomain forms a "ring" encircling mature TGF-b, shielding it from its receptors. Thus L-TGF-b must be activated to function, a process driven by dynamic allostery resulting from integrin binding the L-TGF-b RGD motif. Here we provide critical evidence that defines a domain-swapped architecture of L-TGF-b, an essential component in the dynamic allostery mechanism of L-TGF-b activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeted protein degradation (TPD) utilizes molecular glues or proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) to eliminate disease-causing proteins by promoting their interaction with E3 ubiquitin ligases. Current TPD approaches are limited by reliance on a small number of constitutively active E3 ubiquitin ligases. Here, we report that (S)-ACE-OH, a metabolite of the antipsychotic drug acepromazine, acts as a molecular glue to induce an interaction between the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 and the nucleoporin NUP98, leading to the degradation of nuclear pore proteins and disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is common in older adults and is associated with dementia. Less is known whether this association is mediated by Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathologic changes, the examination of which was the objective of this study.
Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional examination of the Kaiser Permanente Washington database of the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) autopsy cohort with information on CAA, dementia, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) (amyloid neuritic plaques), and Braak (tau neurofibrillary tangles).
Background: Although improvement of cognitive function after liver transplantation has been demonstrated in several neuropsychological studies, there is limited research on longitudinal changes in the cirrhotic patients' brain structure before and after transplantation.
Purpose: To investigate longitudinal changes of brain microstructure in cirrhotic patients using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).
Study Type: Prospective.
Article Synopsis
- A significant portion of ischemic strokes are classified as lacunar subtypes, often characterized by recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSIs), but the long-term effects of these conditions are not well understood.
- In a study involving 108 participants, hemosiderin deposits (HDs) were found in over half of them within 3 months, and in about 77% within 12 months, with a notable "rim" pattern suggesting they could resemble primary hemorrhage.
- The study highlighted that the volume of the infarct and a higher total small vessel disease (SVD) score are predictive of the presence of HDs, emphasizing the importance of not misinterpreting these deposits as signs of bleeding in chronic
Article Synopsis
- Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is used to evaluate cardiovascular risk by quantifying coronary plaque, and deep learning technology helps automate this process.
- A study involving 2803 patients analyzed how age and sex affect coronary plaque volume and its relation to the risk of myocardial infarction, showing that plaque volume increases with age and is typically higher in men.
- Patients with coronary plaque in the ≥75th percentile were found to have a significantly higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to those below the 50th percentile, suggesting that deep learning-based plaque measurements can effectively predict cardiac events.
The influenza neuraminidase (NA) is a potential target for the development of a next-generation influenza vaccine, but its antigenicity is not well understood. Here, we isolate an anti-N6 human monoclonal antibody, named 18_14D, from an H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) infected patient. The antibody weakly inhibits enzymatic activity but confers protection in female mice, mainly via ADCC function.
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- The study compares the grading of two types of retinal atrophy (complete and incomplete) using two different imaging techniques: spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA).
- Findings reveal a 99.6% agreement in grading complete retinal lesions between the two methods, but a notable discrepancy in the assessment of incomplete retinal atrophy, where 27.4% of these lesions were found within areas of persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects.
- The study emphasizes the importance of using high-quality B-scans and en face OCT imaging to improve the accuracy of diagnosing retinal conditions and understanding the extent of retinal damage.
Article Synopsis
- Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a virus that can cause serious health issues like hand, foot, and mouth disease and complications such as encephalitis in young children.
- A study followed 227 children aged 2 months to less than 6 years who received an inactivated EV71 vaccine (EV71vac) to assess its long-term immunity for up to 5 years.
- Results showed consistently high neutralizing antibody levels against various EV-A71 subgenotypes, with no reported long-term safety issues, indicating strong and lasting immunity in children.
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe illness in infants, with no effective treatment. Results of a phase 2 trial suggested that ziresovir may have efficacy in the treatment of infants hospitalized with RSV infection.
Methods: In a phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in China, we enrolled participants 1 to 24 months of age who were hospitalized with RSV infection.
Article Synopsis
- TGF-β is a crucial protein involved in development and immunity, usually expressed in a latent form associated with its prodomain and presented on immune cells via GARP.
- Recent findings indicate that TGF-β can signal without needing to fully dissociate from its latent form, challenging existing beliefs.
- New research using advanced microscopy shows that the binding of integrin αvβ8 can alter the structure of latent TGF-β, allowing it to activate signaling pathways without being released, and this mechanism may apply to other similar receptor/ligand systems.
For World Heart Day on September 24, 2024, the World Heart Federation urges nations to endorse national strategies for enhancing cardiovascular health. While advancements show promise in reducing atherosclerosis, addressing healthcare inequalities and ensuring equitable access to tools remain crucial. This collection of voices touches on the intricate relationship between type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, highlights innovative treatments for rare cardiomyopathies and heart failure, and explores the potentially transformative role of artificial intelligence in cardiovascular medicine, showcasing the dedication and innovation that are shaping the future of heart health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOmega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Protective Factor for Myopia.
Am J Ophthalmol
December 2024
Purpose: Animal models suggest omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may protect against myopia by modulating choroidal blood perfusion, but clinical evidence is scarce and mixed. We aimed to determine the causality between omega-3 PUFAs and myopia using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Design: Two-sample MR analysis.
Background: There have been limited data on idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in Asians and there remain uncertainties whether a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure of 250 mm CSF is an optimum diagnostic cutoff. The aims of the present study included (1) characterization of IIH patients in Taiwan, (2) comparisons among different diagnostic criteria for IIH, and (3) comparisons between patients with CSF pressures of > 250 and 200-250 mm CSF.
Methods: This retrospective study involved IIH patients based on the modified Dandy criteria from two tertiary medical centers in Taiwan.
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated the effectiveness of siRNA-embedded microneedle patches in reducing excessive scar tissue compared to conventional silicone sheets in post-surgical scars.
- The trial involved a random allocation of two-week-old surgical wounds to receive either treatment, and scar volume was measured at 30 and 60 days using high-resolution scanning.
- Results showed that scars treated with microneedle patches had significantly smaller volumes and higher percentage reductions in scar formation compared to those treated with silicone sheets, indicating a potential new approach to scar management.
Purpose: Following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a poorer prognosis than those without DM. This study aimed to investigate the benefit of cardiac rehabilitation on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with AMI, examining whether this effect varied depending on DM and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.
Methods: Data were collected from the medical records of 324 patients diagnosed with AMI who were subsequently referred to participate in a supervised exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program.
Article Synopsis
- HMGB1 is an important protein that increases the accessibility of DNA in nucleosomes and counteracts the effects of linker histone H1, even though it is less abundant and binds less strongly than H1.
- Research shows that HMGB1 can mitigate H1's inhibiting effect on DNA accessibility without actually removing H1, highlighting how they can coexist on the same nucleosome.
- The study reveals that HMGB1 binds at sites on the nucleosome that are distinct from where H1 binds, causing local DNA distortion and enabling a wider variety of chromatin states, which could also apply to other chromatin regulatory proteins.
Article Synopsis
- PCOS is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, and recent research indicates a connection between microRNA dysregulation and gut health issues in its development.
- In a study using a rat model of PCOS, the treatment with DSM 27449 showed improvements in ovarian function, reduced cystic follicles, and lower testosterone levels, along with beneficial changes in miRNA expression and gut microbiome composition.
- These results suggest that DSM 27449 could be a potential dietary supplement to help alleviate symptoms of PCOS by restoring healthy microRNA levels and gut microbiota.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to investigate how often new brain infarcts occur within a year after a minor stroke and their connections to existing cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), vascular risk factors, and cognitive decline.
- - Researchers followed 229 stroke patients over a year, using MRI scans to find 117 new infarcts in 24.8% of participants, primarily in small subcortical areas rather than cortical areas.
- - The baseline SVD score was found to be the strongest predictor of new infarcts, while cognitive tests at one year showed lower scores correlated with previous cognitive performance and intelligence, indicating a potential decline in cognitive function related to these infarcts.
Multimodality Imaging of Congenital Intrapericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia.
Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging
August 2024