Determining the Optimal Age for Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CMOSS Randomized Trial.

Background: Previous trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery for patients with carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, little evidence has focused on the effect of age on prognosis. This study aimed to explore whether EC-IC bypass surgery can provide greater benefits than medical therapy alone in specific age groups.

Cardiovascular-Liver-Metabolic Health: Recommendations in Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Cardiovascular Disease via Modified Delphi Approach.

There is a new awareness of the widespread nature of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its connection to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This has catalyzed collaboration between cardiologists, hepatologists, endocrinologists, and the wider multidisciplinary team to address the need for earlier identification of those with MASLD who are at increased risk for CVD. The overlap in the pathophysiologic processes and parallel prevalence of CVD, metabolic syndrome, and MASLD highlight the multisystem consequences of poor cardiovascular-liver-metabolic health.

Diagnostic Efficacy of Ventilation-Perfusion Single Photo Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography for Pulmonary Hypertension due to Fibrinous Mediastinitis.

Rationale And Objectives: Comprehensive data on the use of ventilation-perfusion single-photo emission computed tomography/computed tomography (V/Q SPECT/CT), an established diagnostic tool for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, in identifying pulmonary hypertension secondary to fibrinous mediastinitis (PH-FM) is scarce. This study aimed to assess its diagnostic efficacy for PH-FM.

Materials And Methods: Patients with PH due to pulmonary artery stenosis were assessed using V/Q SPECT/CT, computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), and digital subtraction pulmonary angiography (PAG).

The quality and accuracy of radiomics model in diagnosing osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of current radiomics models for diagnosing osteoporosis, as well as to assess the methodology and reporting quality of these radiomics studies.

Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, four databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically to select relevant studies published before July 18, 2024. The articles that used radiomics models for diagnosing osteoporosis were considered eligible.

Late Gadolinium Enhancement of Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy at 5.0 T versus 3.0 T: A Crossover Design Study.

Purpose To compare the acquisition time, image quality, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) visualization and quantification on phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) images using 5.0-T versus 3.0-T cardiac MRI.

Engineered extrachromosomal oncogene amplifications promote tumorigenesis.

Focal gene amplifications are among the most common cancer-associated mutations but have proven challenging to engineer in primary cells and model organisms. Here we describe a general strategy to engineer large (more than 1 Mbp) focal amplifications mediated by extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) in a spatiotemporally controlled manner in cells and in mice. By coupling ecDNA formation with expression of selectable markers, we track the dynamics of ecDNA-containing cells under physiological conditions and in the presence of specific selective pressures.

Myeloprotection effects of trilaciclib in Chinese patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) receiving chemotherapy-a real-world study.

Background: Trilaciclib, an intravenous short acting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, has been approved for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (CIM) in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) receiving platinum/etoposide (EP) or topotecan (TPT)-based therapy in United States (US) since February 2021. Trilaciclib use received the priority review and approval in a real-world setting in China. This study thus aimed to collect real-world data and evaluate the protective effect of trilaciclib on CIM in Chinese patients with ES-SCLC.

Fully automated MRI-based convolutional neural network for noninvasive diagnosis of cirrhosis.

Objectives: To develop and externally validate a fully automated diagnostic convolutional neural network (CNN) model for cirrhosis based on liver MRI and serum biomarkers.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included consecutive patients receiving pathological evaluation of liver fibrosis stage and contrast-enhanced liver MRI between March 2010 and January 2024. On the training dataset, an MRI-based CNN model was constructed for cirrhosis against pathology, and then a combined model was developed integrating the CNN model and serum biomarkers.

Predicting Futile Recanalization by Cerebral Collateral Recycle Status in Patients with Endovascular Stroke Treatment: The CHANOA Score.

Rationale And Objectives: The correlation between collateral circulation and futile recanalization (FR) is still controversial, and few studies have explored the influence of comprehensive cerebral collateral circulation on FR after endovascular stroke treatment. Therefore, based on cerebral collateral recycle (CCR) status, we aimed to establish an effective scoring system to identify the probability of FR.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Prognostic Value of Coronary CT Angiography-Derived Quantitative Flow Ratio in Suspected Coronary Artery Disease.

Background The prognostic value of coronary CT angiography (CTA)-derived quantitative flow ratio (CT-QFR) remains unknown. Purpose To determine the prognostic value of CT-QFR in predicting the long-term outcomes of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) in comparison with invasive coronary angiography (ICA)/SPECT and to determine the influence of prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the prognostic value of CT-QFR. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis of the prospective international CORE320 study, 379 participants who underwent coronary CTA and SPECT within 60 days before ICA between November 2009 and July 2011 were included for follow-up.

Endothelial FUNDC1 Deficiency Drives Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with endothelial dysfunction. However, the cause of endothelial dysfunction and its impact on PH remain incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate whether the hypoxia-inducible FUNDC1 (FUN14 domain-containing 1)-dependent mitophagy pathway underlies PH pathogenesis and progression.

Using magnetic resonance relaxometry to evaluate the safety and quality of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived spinal cord progenitor cells.

Background: The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a promising approach for replacing damaged neurons and glial cells, particularly in spinal cord injuries (SCI). Despite its merits, iPSC differentiation into spinal cord progenitor cells (SCPCs) is variable, necessitating reliable assessment of differentiation and validation of cell quality and safety. Phenotyping is often performed via label-based methods including immunofluorescent staining or flow cytometry analysis.

Engineered platelets as targeted protein degraders and application to breast cancer models.

Clinical application of chimeric molecules for targeted protein degradation has been limited by unfavorable drug-like properties and biosafety concerns arising from nonspecific biodistribution after systemic administration. Here we develop a method to engineer platelets for degradation of either intracellular or extracellular proteins of interest (POIs) in vivo by covalently labeling heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in platelets with a POI ligand. The degrader platelets (DePLTs) target wound areas and undergo activation.

Peli1 Deficiency in Macrophages Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension by Enhancing Foxp1-Mediated Transcriptional Inhibition of IL-6.

Background: The infiltration of macrophages into the lungs is a common characteristic of perivascular inflammation, contributing to vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Peli1 (pellino E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1) plays a critical role in regulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the polarization of macrophages in various diseases. However, the role of Peli1 in PH remains to be investigated.

Generation, Characterization, and Preclinical Studies of a Novel NKG2A-Targeted Antibody BRY805 for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Immuno-oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment, with NKG2A emerging as a novel target for immunotherapy. The blockade of NKG2A using the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monalizumab has been shown to enhance the responses of both NK cells and CD8+ T cells. However, monalizumab has demonstrated limited efficacy in in vitro cytotoxic assays and clinical trials.

Histogram analysis of advanced diffusion-weighted MRI models for evaluating the grade and proliferative activity of meningiomas.

Rationale And Objectives: To explore the value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and mean apparent propagator (MAP) magnetic resonance imaging histogram analysis in evaluating the grade and proliferative activity of meningiomas.

Materials And Methods: A total of 134 meningioma patients were prospectively included and underwent magnetic resonance diffusion imaging. The whole-tumor histogram parameters were extracted from multiple functional maps.

Child Neurology: Simple Motor Tics Associated With Thalamic Ganglioglioma.

Tic disorders (TDs) include a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental conditions linked to dysfunction of the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuit. In this article, we report a case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with infrequent tics affecting the right eye and mouth. Brain imaging revealed a T2-weighted hyperintense mass in the left thalamus.

Preclinical characterization of the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine.

As SARS-CoV-2 evolves, increasing in potential for greater transmissibility and immune escape, updated vaccines are needed to boost adaptive immunity to protect against COVID-19 caused by circulating strains. Here, we report features of the monovalent Omicron XBB.1.

Health Economic Evaluation of Antimicrobial Stewardship, Procalcitonin Testing, and Rapid Blood Culture Identification in Sepsis Care: A 90-Day Model-Based, Cost-Utility Analysis.

Objective: We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a bundled intervention including an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), procalcitonin (PCT) testing, and rapid blood culture identification (BCID), compared with pre-implementation standard care in critically ill adult patients with sepsis.

Methods: We conducted a decision tree model-based cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a previously published pre- and post-implementation quality improvement study. We adopted a public Canadian healthcare payer's perspective.

Association of Conscious Sedation With Dexmedetomidine and Outcome in Stroke Patients Undergoing Thrombectomy in the DEVT and RESCUE-BT Trials.

Background And Objectives: Although dexmedetomidine (DEX) is widely administered during endovascular treatment (EVT) to enhance procedural adherence of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion, there is limited research on the association of DEX and outcomes among these patients. Hence, this study aimed to explore the safety and outcomes of DEX during conscious sedation (CS) in a real-world setting among patients undergoing EVT.

Methods: This study was an individual patient-level pooled analysis of 2 multicenter randomized clinical trials RESCUE-BT and DEVT.

Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Effective targets for systolic blood-pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes are unclear.

Methods: We enrolled patients 50 years of age or older with type 2 diabetes, elevated systolic blood pressure, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at 145 clinical sites across China. Patients were randomly assigned to receive intensive treatment that targeted a systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mm Hg or standard treatment that targeted a systolic blood pressure of less than 140 mm Hg for up to 5 years.