Publications by authors named "Y-B Zhang"
Background: Stroke is one of the severe complications following surgery in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). This study investigates the relationship between the preoperative serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio (SUA/Scr) and postoperative stroke in patients undergoing total arch replacement with elephant trunk implantation for aortic dissection.
Methods: We included ATAAD patients who were hospitalized and underwent surgery between June 1, 2015 and June 1, 2023, with complete clinical information.
Background: Approximately half of the patients with acute ischemic stroke who receive intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) do not achieve an excellent outcome. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) as a promising neuroprotective treatment may improve clinical outcomes in this population. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of RIC in patients with IVT.
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- Early neurological deterioration (END) is linked to poor outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and the study investigates how the drug evolocumab can help prevent this condition by lowering LDL cholesterol levels.
- The research was a clinical trial with AIS patients divided into two groups: one receiving evolocumab combined with atorvastatin and the other receiving atorvastatin alone, assessing outcomes like END rates and inflammatory markers over 7 days.
- Results showed that the combination therapy group had significantly lower rates of END (13.2% vs. 24.3%) and a much higher LDL cholesterol target achievement rate (74.3% vs. 14.7%), indicating the effectiveness of evolocumab in this context.
Background: Currently, validated biomarkers for assessing hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) are lacking. We aimed to validate a test combining GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and UCH-L1 (ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1) to indicate the absence of HT after IVT.
Methods: We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with stroke treated with IVT from 16 hospitals.
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- The letter explores two catalysts, DAE-BPy-CoPor and Co-TAPP, in their roles for improving the oxygen-tolerant CO electroreduction reaction (CORR), particularly highlighting their activity range between -0.60 to -1.10 V under co-feeding conditions with CO and O.
- The study utilizes grand canonical density functional theory (GC-DFT) and microkinetic simulation to determine how the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) influences the turnover frequency (TOF) of CORR, categorizing HER effects based on positive and negative hydrogen formation energies.
- The effects of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on CORR are analyzed in three distinct scenarios, ranging from negligible influence on TOF to cases where
Article Synopsis
- SmCoB-based alloys are being developed for use in new permanent magnets due to their high magnetocrystalline anisotropy.
- The study focuses on optimizing the Fe, Co, and Ni content in Sm(Co, Fe, Ni)B alloys, resulting in improved hard magnetic properties.
- Notably, higher coercivity values were achieved in specific annealed ribbons, highlighting the relationship between microstructure and magnetic properties for future magnet innovation.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to find out the best systolic blood pressure targets for patients over 50 with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, comparing intensive treatment (target <120 mm Hg) to standard treatment (target <140 mm Hg) over 5 years.
- Out of 12,821 patients, the intensive treatment group had a lower average systolic blood pressure after one year (121.6 mm Hg) compared to the standard group (133.2 mm Hg), resulting in significantly fewer major cardiovascular events.
- Despite the lower overall events in the intensive group, there were more cases of symptomatic hypotension and hyperkalemia, but the rates of serious adverse events were similar in both groups.
It has been established that N-acetyltransferase (murine NAT1 (mNAT1) and human NAT2 (hNAT2)) mediates insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Here we show that mNAT1 deficiency leads to a decrease in cellular spermidine-a natural polyamine exhibiting health-protective and anti-ageing effects-but understanding of its mechanism is limited. We identify that mNAT1 and hNAT2 modulate a type of post-translational modification involving acetylated spermidine, which we name acetylhypusination, on receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-a key regulator of inflammation and cell death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs are important therapeutics for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Ecnoglutide (XW003) is a novel, long-acting GLP-1 analog. We conducted a Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolling 145 adults with T2DM.
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- Influenza and COVID-19 are two major respiratory diseases that have led to significant health challenges worldwide, prompting the need for an effective combined vaccine to avoid multiple doses.
- Researchers created a chimeric protein subunit vaccine combining parts of the influenza virus and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, demonstrating effectiveness in mouse models against various strains.
- An mRNA vaccine candidate was developed from this chimeric antigen, showing strong immune responses and complete protection in mice against both influenza and different strains of SARS-CoV-2, with the potential for easy adaptation to new variants.
Background: Intraindividual variability in lipid profiles is recognized as a potential predictor of cardiovascular events. However, the influence of early adulthood lipid profile variability along with mean lipid levels on future coronary artery calcium (CAC) incidence remains unclear.
Methods: A total of 2395 participants (41.
Purpose: To develop and test a radiomics nomogram based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinicopathological factors for predicting the axillary pathologic complete response (apCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases.
Materials And Methods: A total of 319 patients who underwent MRI examination and received NAC treatment were enrolled from two centers, and the presence of ALN metastasis was confirmed by biopsy pathology before NAC. The radiomics features were extracted from regions of interest of ALNs before (pre-radiomics) and after (post-radiomics) NAC.
Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Elevated intracardiac pressures and myocyte stretch in heart failure trigger the release of counter-regulatory natriuretic peptides, which act through their receptor (NPR1) to affect vasodilation, diuresis and natriuresis, lowering venous pressures and relieving venous congestion. Recombinant natriuretic peptide infusions were developed to treat heart failure but have been limited by a short duration of effect.
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- Nonsurgical treatments like the levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LIUD) are being explored for managing endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AH) and endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC), highlighting a need for long-term efficacy data.
- In a study of 43 patients initially responding to LIUD, 39% relapsed, with significant factors for shorter duration of response including younger age and lack of response at the 6-month mark.
- Molecular analysis during the study revealed changes in immune cell populations and pathways involved in relapse, suggesting immune mechanisms play a crucial role in the treatment's effectiveness.
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents an important phenotype in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, management of PH-HFpEF is challenging because mechanisms involved in the regulation of PH-HFpEF remain unclear.
Methods: We used a mass spectrometry-based comparative plasma proteomics approach as a sensitive and comprehensive hypothesis-generating discovery technique to profile proteins in patients with PH-HFpEF and control subjects.
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a major complication linked to adverse outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), yet no specific therapies exist for PH associated with HFpEF (PH-HFpEF). We have recently reported on the role of skeletal muscle SIRT3 (sirtuin-3) in modulation of PH-HFpEF, suggesting a novel endocrine signaling pathway for skeletal muscle modulation of pulmonary vascular remodeling.
Methods: Using skeletal muscle-specific knockout mice () and mass spectrometry-based comparative secretome analysis, we attempted to define the processes by which skeletal muscle SIRT3 defects affect pulmonary vascular health in PH-HFpEF.
Therapeutic resistance represents a bottleneck to treatment in advanced gastric cancer (GC). Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death and is associated with anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy. Further investigations are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine (Tyr) residues evolved in metazoan organisms as a mechanism of coordinating tissue growth. Multicellular eukaryotes typically have more than 50 distinct protein Tyr kinases that catalyse the phosphorylation of thousands of Tyr residues throughout the proteome. How a given Tyr kinase can phosphorylate a specific subset of proteins at unique Tyr sites is only partially understood.
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- Exagamglogene autotemcel (exa-cel) is a novel cell therapy using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to boost fetal hemoglobin production in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia.
- In a phase 3 study, 52 patients aged 12 to 35 underwent treatment with exa-cel after myeloablative conditioning, and 91% achieved transfusion independence for at least 12 months.
- The therapy showed promising results with high mean total and fetal hemoglobin levels, a favorable safety profile, and no serious adverse events like deaths or cancers reported during the follow-up period.
Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death among children, yet evidence on stroke incidence and prognosis in this population is largely neglected worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the latest burden of childhood stroke, as well as trends, risk factors, and inequalities from 1990 to 2019, at the global, regional, and national levels.
Methods: The Global Burden of Disease 2019 study was utilized to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, years lived with disability, years of life lost (YLLs), and average annual percentage changes in stroke among populations aged 0 to 19 years from 1990 to 2019.
In this paper, the green upconversion (UC) fluorescence emission from / / tri-doped tellurite glass is investigated for temperature sensing. The doping of ions not only enhances the chance of energy level transition but also avoids the influence of the thermal effect caused by the proximity of and energy levels. The luminescence characteristics at different and ion concentration doping molar ratios were investigated, and the strongest luminescence characteristics were exhibited when the ion concentration was at 5 mol% and at 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYb-doped fluoride has been demonstrated to be potential crystals for application in efficient ultrafast lasers. However, the trade-off between the shorter pulses with higher efficiencies is a challenge. In this work, using , : crystal, we report on a sub-50-fs Kerr-lens mode-locked oscillator with an optical efficiency up to 44%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The sympathoadrenergic system and its major effector PKA (protein kinase A) are activated to maintain cardiac output coping with physiological or pathological stressors. If and how PKA plays a role in physiological cardiac hypertrophy (PhCH) and pathological CH (PaCH) are not clear.
Methods: Transgenic mouse models expressing the PKA inhibition domain (PKAi) of PKA inhibition peptide alpha (PKIalpha)-green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusion protein (PKAi-GFP) in a cardiac-specific and inducible manner (cPKAi) were used to determine the roles of PKA in physiological CH during postnatal growth or induced by swimming, and in PaCH induced by transaortic constriction (TAC) or augmented Ca influx.
Background: Oral antiviral drugs with improved antiviral potency and safety are needed to address current challenges in clinical practice for treatment of COVID-19, including the risks of rebound, drug-drug interactions, and emerging resistance.
Methods: Olgotrelvir (STI-1558) is designed as a next-generation antiviral targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M), an essential enzyme for SARS-CoV-2 replication, and human cathepsin L (CTSL), a key enzyme for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells.
Findings: Olgotrelvir is a highly bioavailable oral prodrug that is converted in plasma to its active form, AC1115.
In prolonged liver injury, hepatocytes undergo partial identity loss with decreased regenerative capacity, resulting in liver failure. Here, we identified a five compound (5C) combination that could restore hepatocyte identity and reverse the damage-associated phenotype (e.g.
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