Sex and APOE ε4 allele differences in longitudinal white matter microstructure in multiple cohorts of aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The effects of sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE)-Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors-on white matter microstructure are not well characterized.

Methods: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from nine well-established longitudinal cohorts of aging were free water (FW)-corrected and harmonized. This dataset included 4741 participants (age = 73.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiles of Nuclear Factor Y A Transcription Factors in Blueberry Under Abiotic Stress.

Nuclear Factor Y A (NF-YA) transcription factors are widely involved in multiple plant biological processes, such as embryogenesis, abscisic acid signaling, and abiotic stress response. This study presents a comprehensive genome-wide identification and expression profiling of NF-YA transcription factors in blueberry (), an important economic crop with good adaptability, under abiotic stress conditions. Given the economic significance and health benefits of blueberries, understanding their responses to environmental stresses, such as salt, drought, and temperature extremes, is crucial.

Functional redundancy enables a simplified consortium to match the lignocellulose degradation capacity of the original consortium.

The relationship between structure and function in microbial communities is intriguing and complex. In this study, we used single-carbon source domestication to derive consortium YL from the straw-degrading consortium Y. Y and YL exhibited similar straw degradation capabilities, yet YL harbored only half the species diversity of Y, with distinct dominant species.

HTLV-1 infected T cells cause bone loss via small extracellular vesicles.

Adult T cell leukaemia (ATL), caused by infection with human T- lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is often complicated by hypercalcemia and osteolytic lesions. Therefore, we studied the communication between patient-derived ATL cells (ATL-PDX) and HTLV-1 immortalized CD4+ T cell lines (HTLV/T) with osteoclasts and their effects on bone mass in mice. Intratibial inoculation of some HTLV/T leads to a profound local decrease in bone mass similar to marrow-replacing ATL-PDX, despite the fact that few HTLV/T cells persisted in the bone.

What is chemical biology?

Since its inception, the chemical biology field has undergone significant evolution, with its definition varying greatly based on individual perspectives. For the September 30 anniversary special issue of Cell Chemical Biology, we asked our readers from a range of backgrounds, what is chemical biology?

Protective RBD-dimer vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris.

Protective vaccines are crucial for preventing and controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Updated vaccines are needed to confront the continuously evolving and circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. These vaccines should be safe, effective, amenable to easily scalable production, and affordable.

Evaluation of the shear stability of aerobic granular sludge from a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor: Establishment of a quantitative method.

This work established a quantitative method to access the shear stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and validated its feasibility by using the mature AGS from a pilot-scale (50 tons/day) membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treating real municipal wastewater. The results showed that the changing rate (ΔS) of the peak area (S) of granule size distribution (GSD) exhibited an exponential relationship (R≥0.76) with the shear time (y=a-b·c), which was a suitable indicative index to reflect the shear stability of different AGS samples.

Multiscale topology classifies cells in subcellular spatial transcriptomics.

Spatial transcriptomics measures in situ gene expression at millions of locations within a tissue, hitherto with some trade-off between transcriptome depth, spatial resolution and sample size. Although integration of image-based segmentation has enabled impactful work in this context, it is limited by imaging quality and tissue heterogeneity. By contrast, recent array-based technologies offer the ability to measure the entire transcriptome at subcellular resolution across large samples.

Exploring the microRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with solasonine in bladder cancer.

Background: Solasonine has been demonstrated to exert an inhibitory effect on bladder cancer (BC), but the potential mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the association between microRNAs (miRNAs)-mediated regulation and the anti-tumor activities of solasonine in BC.

Methods: MiRNA sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-miRNAs) associated with solasonine in BC cells.

Estimating Flow Direction of Circle of Willis Using Dynamic Arterial Spin-Labeling MR Angiography.

Background And Purpose: The circle of Willis (COW) is a crucial mechanism for cerebral collateral circulation. This proof-of-concept study aims to develop and assess an analysis method to characterize the hemodynamics of the arterial segments in the COW by using arterial spin-labeling (ASL) based non-contrast-enhanced dynamic MR angiography (dMRA).

Materials And Methods: The developed analysis method uses a graph model, bootstrap strategy, and ensemble learning methodologies to determine the time curve shift from ASL dMRA to estimate the flow direction within the COW.

Study on load transfer mechanisms and impact on adjacent railway subgrade within loess regions.

Clarifying load transfer mechanism and the influence of the widening of a newly-built railway is the premise for the construction of adjacent project in loess region. This paper uses monitoring datas obtained from three sections in different stages to analyze the distribution laws of load exert on piles and soil between piles, investigates the variation laws of filling height on the earth pressure at different excavation steps and elucidates the influence of the filling height of newly built subgrade on the existing subgrade. In addition, a fitting formula y = a(1-e) + cx is proposed to describe the relationship between the ratio of the additional displacement to the filling height, which is applicable for similar projects.

Development of a chimeric cytokine receptor that captures IL-6 and enhances the antitumor response of CAR-T cells.

The efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cell therapy is suboptimal in most cancers, necessitating further improvement in their therapeutic actions. However, enhancing antitumor T cell response inevitably confers an increased risk of cytokine release syndrome associated with monocyte-derived interleukin-6 (IL-6). Thus, an approach to simultaneously enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety is warranted.

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide/Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Participation in Itch Sensation Signaling in the Spinal Cord of Uremic Pruritus Mice.

Background: Uremic pruritus is a prevalent clinical symptom in maintenance dialysis patients. Existing evidence establishes a connection between itch transmission and the gastrin-releasing peptide/gastrin-releasing peptide receptor signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the involvement of the gastrin-releasing peptide/gastrin-releasing peptide receptor in itch sensation signaling within the spinal cord of uremic pruritus.

Antithrombotic Treatment for Stroke Prevention in Cervical Artery Dissection: The STOP-CAD Study.

Background: Small, randomized trials of patients with cervical artery dissection showed conflicting results regarding optimal stroke prevention strategies. We aimed to compare outcomes in patients with cervical artery dissection treated with antiplatelets versus anticoagulation.

Methods: This is a multicenter observational retrospective international study (16 countries, 63 sites) that included patients with cervical artery dissection without major trauma.