Effectiveness of Wolbachia-mediated sterility coupled with sterile insect technique to suppress adult Aedes aegypti populations in Singapore: a synthetic control study.

Background: Incompatible insect technique (IIT) coupled with sterile insect technique (SIT) via the release of sterile male Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes is a promising tool for Aedes-borne disease control. Yet, real-world evidence on the suppressive effectiveness of IIT-SIT on mosquito abundance remains mostly limited to small semi-rural village and suburban localities over short trial durations. However, a large proportion of Aedes-borne diseases occur in dense, urban, and high-rise locations, limiting the applicability of previous studies for these settings with high disease burden.

The pre-Bötzinger complex is necessary for the expression of inspiratory and post-inspiratory motor discharge of the vagus.

The mammalian three-phase respiratory motor pattern of inspiration, post-inspiration and expiration is expressed in spinal and cranial motor nerve discharge and is generated by a distributed ponto-medullary respiratory pattern generating network. Respiratory motor pattern generation depends on a rhythmogenic kernel located within the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC). In the present study, we tested the effect of unilateral and bilateral inactivation of the pre-BötC after local microinjection of the GABA receptor agonist isoguvacine (10 mM, 50 nl) on phrenic (PNA), hypoglossal (HNA) and vagal nerve (VNA) respiratory motor activities in an in situ perfused brainstem preparation of rats.

UROLITH PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS IN ASIAN SMALL-CLAWED OTTERS ( AONYX CINEREUS).

Uroliths (urinary stones) are routinely found in both domestic and exotic animals kept under human care. In zoos, Asian small-clawed otters (ASCOs, Aonyx cinereus) have been identified as being particularly prone to this disease. Risk factors are thought to be nutritional; however, recommendations contradict each other, depending on which physiological model was used.

The effect of absolute lymphocyte count recovery kinetics on survival after autologous stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) >or=500 cells/microl at day 15 after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a powerful independent, prognostic indicator for survival in multiple hematological malignancies. A limitation in these studies was the selection of a single time point (day 15 post-ASCT) as the only discriminator of clinical outcome in relation to ALC recovery. We hypothesized there is a continuous and not discrete relationship between ALC recovery and clinical outcome post-ASCT in NHL.