Individual differences in adolescent self-control: The role of gene-environment interplay.

Self-control - the ability to alter unwanted impulses and behavior to bring them into agreement with goal-driven responses - is key during adolescence. It helps young people navigate through the myriad challenges they encounter while transitioning into adulthood. We review empirical milestones in our understanding of how individual differences in adolescent self-control exist and develop.

No gene by stressful life events interaction on individual differences in adults' self-control.

Background: Difficulty with self-control, or the ability to alter impulses and behavior in a goal-directed way, predicts interpersonal conflict, lower socioeconomic attainments, and more adverse health outcomes. Etiological understanding, and intervention for low self-control is, therefore, a public health goal. A prominent developmental theory proposes that individuals with high genetic propensity for low self-control that are also exposed to stressful environments may be most at-risk of low levels of self-control.

The existence of cranial bone flap displacement during brain radiotherapy.

This retrospective study examined bone flap displacement during radiotherapy in 25 post-operative brain tumour patients. Though never exceeding 2.5 mm, the sheer frequency of displacement highlights the need for future research on larger populations to validate its presence and assess the potential clinical impact on planning tumour volume margins.

Linked emergence of racial disparities in mental health and epigenetic biological aging across childhood and adolescence.

Marginalization due to structural racism may confer an increased risk for aging-related diseases - in part - via effects on people's mental health. Here we leverage a prospective birth cohort study to examine whether the emergence of racial disparities in mental health and DNA-methylation measures of biological aging ( DunedinPACE, GrimAge Acceleration, PhenoAge Acceleration) are linked across childhood and adolescence. We further consider to what extent racial disparities are statistically accounted for by perinatal and postnatal factors in preregistered analyses of N=4,898 participants from the Future of Families & Child Wellbeing Study, of which N=2,039 had repeated saliva DNA methylation at ages 9 and 15 years.

Differences in polygenic associations with educational attainment between West and East Germany before and after reunification.

Here we examine geographical and historical differences in polygenic associations with educational attainment in East and West Germany around reunification. We test this in n = 1902 25-85-year-olds from the German SOEP-G[ene] cohort. We leverage a DNA-based measure of genetic influence, a polygenic index calculated based on a previous genome-wide association study of educational attainment in individuals living in democratic countries.