Total cell associated electrolyte homeostasis in rat spinal cord cells following apparently irreversible injury.

Background: We investigated total electrolyte homeostasis in spinal cord cells of rats subjected to irreversible spinal cord trauma.

Material/methods: Forty-two rats underwent total transection of spinal cord (Group 1); chemical neurolysis by 10% lidocaine overdose (Group 2); sham "injury" (Group 3). Spinal cords were isolated 24 h, 72 h or 7 days following injury.

Effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its active metabolite E3174 in healthy volunteers.

Grapefruit juice (GJ), a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor, may affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs metabolized through CYP 3A4. Losartan, an angiotensin II antagonist, is converted into its main active metabolite E3174 by CYP 3A4 and CYP 2C9. The effect of GJ on losartan pharmacokinetics was assessed in a randomized crossover trial.

Secondary prevention with antioxidants of cardiovascular disease in endstage renal disease (SPACE): randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Excess cardiovascular mortality has been documented in chronic haemodialysis patients. Oxidative stress is greater in haemodialysis patients with prevalent cardiovascular disease than in those without, suggesting a role for oxidative stress in excess cardiovascular disease in haemodialysis. We investigated the effect of high-dose vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular disease outcomes in haemodialysis patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.