Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Mulberry Fruit Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Male Reproductive Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Review.

High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity represents a significant challenge to male reproductive health, affecting approximately 13% of the global adult population. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence regarding mulberry ( L.) fruit extract's therapeutic potential for HFD-induced male reproductive dysfunction.

Feto-placental vascular structure and in silico haemodynamics: Of mice, rats, and human.

Introduction: The complex arborization of the feto-placental vasculature is crucial for optimal fetal nutrition, waste exchange and ultimately, development. Ethical and experimental limitations constrain research into the human placenta, hence experimental animal models such as mice and rats, are crucial to understand placental function. It is unclear how well the mouse and rat feto-placental vascular structure emulates human.

Three-dimensional visualisation of the feto-placental vasculature in humans and rodents.

Adequate development of the feto-placental circulation is critical for placental exchange function and healthy fetal growth. Understanding the structure of this circulation and how it informs fetal outcomes is important both in the human placenta, and the rodent, a purported comparative experimental model. Vascular casting and micro-CT imaging approaches enable detailed quantification of the complex vascular relationships in the feto-circulation, and provide detailed data to parameterise in silico models.

Investigating the Upstream and Downstream Hemodynamic Boundary Conditions of Healthy and Growth-Restricted Rat Feto-Placental Arterial Networks.

The placenta uniquely develops to orchestrate maternal adaptations and support fetal growth and development. The expansion of the feto-placental vascular network, in part, underpins function. However it is unclear how vascular development is synergistically influenced by hemodynamics and how impairment may lead to fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Advances in imaging feto-placental vasculature: new tools to elucidate the early life origins of health and disease.

Optimal placental function is critical for fetal development, and therefore a crucial consideration for understanding the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). The structure of the fetal side of the placental vasculature is an important determinant of fetal growth and cardiovascular development. There are several imaging modalities for assessing feto-placental structure including stereology, electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, micro-computed tomography, light-sheet microscopy, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.