Chloroplast arrangement in finger millet under low-temperature conditions.

Background: Finger millet, a C plant with mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, has been cultivated at high altitudes in the Himalayas owing to its adaptability to stressful environments. Under environmental stresses such as high light and drought, finger millet mesophyll chloroplasts move toward the bundle sheath, a phenomenon known as aggregative arrangement.

Methods: To investigate the effect of low temperatures on mesophyll chloroplast arrangement in finger millet, we conducted microscopic observations and photochemical measurements using leaves treated at different temperatures in light or darkness, with or without pharmacological inhibitors.

Presenteeism in people with previous and current epilepsy: Determinants and psychosocial associations.

Objective: We examined people with epilepsy (PWE) regarding presenteeism, an aspect of reduced work productivity due to health-related issues despite physical presence, with a focus on epilepsy treatment and psychosocial factors.

Methods: We used data from 32,000 participants aged 16-83 years old that were obtained through a 2024 nationwide internet survey. The Work Functioning Impairment Scale, which measures "presenteeism," was used to compare participants with and without a history of epilepsy.

The cytokinin efflux transporter ABCC4 participates in Arabidopsis root system development.

The directional and sequential flow of cytokinin in plants is organized by a complex network of transporters. Genes involved in several aspects of cytokinin transport have been characterized; however, much of the elaborate system remains elusive. In this study, we used a transient expression system in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves to screen Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transporter genes and isolated ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER C4 (ABCC4).

C2-Linked Arabinose-Functionalized Polystyrene Microbeads Selectively Target .

Carbohydrates play pivotal roles in the first stages of microbial infections and can be exploited as decoys to hijack the interactions between bacteria and the host cell. Multivalent glycan probes mimicking the natural presentation of glycans in living cells have been successfully employed to study fundamental carbohydrate/protein interactions in microbial systems; however, most pathogenic glycan receptors exhibit a shared specificity for commonly found sugars present in both healthy and pathogenic cells, posing a challenge for target selectivity. In this study, we report the synthesis of a small library of d-arabinose multivalent probes, a sugar absent in human physiology, and their evaluation in a bacteria agglutination assay using cluster analysis.