Seeking high-priority mutations enabling successful antibody-breeding: systematic analysis of a mutant that gained over 100-fold enhanced affinity.

"Antibody-breeding" has provided therapeutic/diagnostic antibody mutants with greater performance than native antibodies. Typically, random point mutations are introduced into the V and V domains of parent antibodies to generate diverse libraries of single-chain Fv fragments (scFvs), from which evolved mutants are selected. We produced an scFv against estradiol-17β with 11 amino acid substitutions and a >100-fold improved affinity constant (K = 1.

High-Performance SAW Resonator With Simplified LiTaO/SiO Double Layer Structure on Si Substrate.

In response to the increased mobile data traffic, there is a growing need for more low-loss RF band filters with steep frequency characteristics, and high-quality ( Q )-factor and low-temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) resonators are required to achieve this. We previously reported that for a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator on a three-layer structure, which is composed of a thin LiTaO (LT) plate whose orientation is 50° rotated YX propagation, SiO layer, and AlN layer on a Si substrate, a Q-factor several times higher than that of an SAW resonator on a standard 42° rotated YX propagation LiTaO (42YX-LT) substrate could be obtained. In this study, we investigated this layer structure and found that a two-layer structure, in which the AlN layer is removed, achieves a high Q -factor.

A Case of Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma with Intracranial Hemorrhage in a Child.

Intracranial hemorrhage associated with lower grade glioma is unusual. Furthermore, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) with intracranial hemorrhage, especially in a children, is extremely rare. We report here a rare case of child PXA with intracranial hemorrhage.

Body temperature elevation during exercise is essential for activating the Akt signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats.

This study examined the effect of changes in body temperature during exercise on signal transduction-related glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats (25 weeks of age), which have type 2 diabetes, were divided into the following four weight-matched groups; control (CON, n = 6), exercised under warm temperature (WEx, n = 8), exercised under cold temperature (CEx, n = 8), and heat treatment (HT, n = 6). WEx and CEx animals were subjected to running on a treadmill at 20 m/min for 30 min under warm (25°C) or cold (4°C) temperature.

Effects of voluntary running exercise on bone histology in type 2 diabetic rats.

The incidence of obesity in children and adolescents, which may lead to type 2 diabetes, is increasing. Exercise is recommended to prevent and improve diabetes. However, little is known about the bone marrow environment at the onset of diabetes in the young, and it is unclear whether exercise training is useful for maintaining bone homeostasis, such as mechanical and histological properties.