Distributed electrified heating for efficient hydrogen production.

This study introduces a distributed electrified heating approach that is able to innovate chemical engineering involving endothermic reactions. It enables rapid and uniform heating of gaseous reactants, facilitating efficient conversion and high product selectivity at specific equilibrium. Demonstrated in catalyst-free CH pyrolysis, this approach achieves stable production of H (530 g h L ) and carbon nanotube/fibers through 100% conversion of high-throughput CH at 1150 °C, surpassing the results obtained from many complex metal catalysts and high-temperature technologies.

Bio-based anode material production for lithium-ion batteries through catalytic graphitization of biochar: the deployment of hybrid catalysts.

Producing sustainable anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) through catalytic graphitization of renewable biomass has gained significant attention. However, the technology is in its early stages due to the bio-graphite's comparatively low electrochemical performance in LIBs. This study aims to develop a process for producing LIB anode materials using a hybrid catalyst to enhance battery performance, along with readily available market biochar as the raw material.

Quantum Algorithms for Systems of Linear Equations Inspired by Adiabatic Quantum Computing.

We present two quantum algorithms based on evolution randomization, a simple variant of adiabatic quantum computing, to prepare a quantum state |x⟩ that is proportional to the solution of the system of linear equations Ax[over →]=b[over →]. The time complexities of our algorithms are O(κ^{2}log(κ)/ε) and O(κlog(κ)/ε), where κ is the condition number of A and ε is the precision. Both algorithms are constructed using families of Hamiltonians that are linear combinations of products of A, the projector onto the initial state |b⟩, and single-qubit Pauli operators.

Quantum thermodynamics from the nonequilibrium dynamics of open systems: Energy, heat capacity, and the third law.

In a series of papers, we intend to take the perspective of open quantum systems and examine from their nonequilibrium dynamics the conditions when the physical quantities, their relations, and the laws of thermodynamics become well defined and viable for quantum many-body systems. We first describe how an open-system nonequilibrium dynamics (ONEq) approach is different from the closed combined system +  environment in a global thermal state (CGTs) setup. Only after the open system equilibrates will it be amenable to conventional thermodynamics descriptions, thus quantum thermodynamics (QTD) comes at the end rather than assumed in the beginning.