Parental occupational exposure to anticancer drugs and radiation: Risk of fetal loss and physical abnormalities in The Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Background: Many studies have indicated an association between maternal occupational exposure to hazardous agents, such as anticancer drugs and ionizing radiation, and an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirths or miscarriages and physical abnormalities in offspring. However, the effects of recent advancements in protective measures to reduce these risks have not been clarified. Aim To investigate the current impact of parental occupational exposure to anticancer drugs and ionizing radiation on stillbirths or miscarriages as well as physical abnormalities under the circumstances of the developed safety protocols.

Prescription trends in Japanese advanced Parkinson's disease patients with non-motor symptoms: J-FIRST.

Background: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are important factors when selecting treatments for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). We sought to elucidate the prescribing practices for advanced PD patients with NMS in Japanese clinical practice.

Methods: We examined the prescription rates and doses of anti-PD drugs, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in post hoc analyses of a 52-week observational study of 996 PD patients with wearing-off on levodopa-containing therapy and ≥1 NMS.

Sex-dependent differences in the ability of nicotine to modulate discrimination learning and cognitive flexibility in mice.

Nicotine, an addictive compound found in tobacco, functions as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. Interestingly, nicotine has been reported to act as a cognitive enhancer in both human subjects and experimental animals. However, its effects in animal studies have not always been consistent, and sex differences have been identified in the effects of nicotine on several behaviors.