Activation of Tm-2 resistance is mediated by a conserved cysteine essential for tobacco mosaic virus movement.

The tomato Tm-2 gene was considered to be one of the most durable resistance genes in agriculture, protecting against viruses of the Tobamovirus genus, such as tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). However, an emerging tobamovirus, tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), has overcome Tm-2 , damaging tomato production worldwide. Tm-2 encodes a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) class immune receptor that recognizes its effector, the tobamovirus movement protein (MP).

Unrecognized Celiac Disease in Children Presenting for Rheumatology Evaluation.

Background And Objectives: Current clinical guidelines do not consider patients with rheumatic conditions to be at high risk for celiac disease (CD) despite numerous reported associations between the two in adults and children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of CD among patients presenting for pediatric rheumatology evaluation.

Methods: A total of 2125 patients presenting for initial evaluation by the Division of Pediatric Rheumatology at the Hospital for Special Surgery between June 2006 and December 2013 were screened for CD as a part of the standard initial serologic evaluation.

CSR-1 RNAi pathway positively regulates histone expression in C. elegans.

Endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs) have been discovered in many organisms, including mammals. In C. elegans, depletion of germline-enriched endo-siRNAs found in complex with the CSR-1 Argonaute protein causes sterility and defects in chromosome segregation in early embryos.

Heparanase expression in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts.

Heparanase is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase enzyme which degrades heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chains of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix and in basement membranes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of heparanase in periapical granulomas (PGs) and radicular cysts (RCs). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess heparanase expression in PGs and RCs.