The postnatal interaction between microbiota and the immune system establishes lifelong homeostasis at mucosal epithelial barriers, however, the barrier-specific physiological activities that drive the equilibrium are hardly known. During weaning, the oral epithelium, which is monitored by Langerhans cells (LC), is challenged by the development of a microbial plaque and the initiation of masticatory forces capable of damaging the epithelium. Here we show that microbial colonization following birth facilitates the differentiation of oral LCs, setting the stage for the weaning period, in which adaptive immunity develops.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices improve clinical outcomes and facilitate achieving patient-specific goals. However, opportunities and barriers to implementation of pharmacist-driven CGM services are not well-described.
Objectives: This scoping review was conducted to identify opportunities and barriers to implementing pharmacist-driven CGM services in the community and ambulatory care setting.
The American Diabetes Association's emphasize the need for awareness regarding overbasalization (basal insulin doses >0.5 units/kg/day without bolus insulin) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, outcomes data on the impact of overbasalization are limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF