Peroxisomes are vital but often overlooked metabolic organelles. We found that excessive interferon signaling remodeled macrophage peroxisomes. This loss of peroxisomes impaired inflammation resolution and lung repair during severe respiratory viral infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeople living with HIV (PLWH) experience HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), even though combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses HIV replication. HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (HIV-1 Tat) contributes to the development of HAND through neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic mechanisms. C-C chemokine 5 receptor (CCR5) is important in immune cell targeting and is a co-receptor for HIV viral entry into CD4+ cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCombined and highly active anti-retroviral therapies (cART) have transitioned HIV into a more chronic disease. Roughly half of people living with HIV (PLWH) still experience neurocognitive disorders, albeit less severely than in the pre-cART era. Sex-related effects on memory/cognition remain understudied, although the percentage of PLWH that are female has increased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntracellular chloride (Cl) homeostasis is a critical regulator of neuronal excitability. Voltage-dependent neuronal Cl channels remain the least understood in terms of their role as a source of Cl entry controlling excitability. We have shown recently that striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) express a functional Cl conducting ClC-1-like channel with properties similar but not identical to native ClC-1 channels (Yarotskyy, V.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransfer RNA halves (tRHs) have various biological functions. However, the biogenesis of specific 5'-tRHs under certain conditions remains unknown. Here, we report that inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) cleaves the anticodon stem-loop region of tRNA to produce 5'-tRHs (5'-tRH-Gly) with highly selective target discrimination upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
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