Assessment of metered-dose inhaler technique: A study at the pulmonology clinic of a tertiary hospital in the Free State, South Africa.

Background: Poor pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) technique remains a challenge in the management of airway diseases.

Objectives: To assess pMDI technique among respiratory outpatients and identify the main indications for pMDI use and factors associated with improper use.

Methods: This was a prospective, quantitative descriptive study conducted at the adult respiratory clinic of Universitas Academic Hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis in an immune-competent host: a case report.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous organism that often causes opportunistic infections in immune-compromised patients. The pulmonary and central nervous systems are most commonly affected. Osseous involvement is infrequent and is usually associated with disseminated systemic infection.