In Vitro Assays for the Assessment of Safety and Toxicity in Pharmacopuncture Derived from Animal.

Objectives: Among the various treatment methods involving the use of natural substances, pharmacopuncture using animal venom is a relatively new form of acupuncture that has been developed in South Korea and is gaining popularity worldwide. Pharmacopuncture with animal venom is widely used in clinical practice; therefore, ensuring its procedural safety is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and toxicity of pharmacopuncture using animal venom.

Anilido-Oxazoline-Ligated Iron Alkoxide Complexes for Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters with Controllability.

Anilido-oxazoline-ligated iron complexes, including bis(anilido-oxazolinate) iron(II), mononuclear iron(II) alkyl and aryloxide, as well as the dinuclear analogues, were synthesized, and their catalytic performance on ring-opening polymerization (ROP) has been studied. Transmetalation of FeCl(THF) with in situ-generated anilido-oxazolinate lithium afforded the bis(anilido-oxazolinate) iron complexes and . Half-sandwich anilido-oxazolinate iron trimethylsilylalkyl complexes and could be synthesized in good yields via taking pyridine as an L-type ligand.

Development of the subjective cognitive function decline scale for middle-aged Koreans.

Objectives: This study developed the Subjective Cognitive Function Decline Scale for Middle-aged South Koreans (SCFD-K), addressing the need for early detection of potential mild cognitive impairment. This study fills a gap in the existing research, which mainly targeted older demographics or generalized cultural differences.

Method: We conducted focus group interviews (FGIs) among 36 participants and with nine experts to answer basic questions related to cognitive decline, after which we developed a draft scale using the Delphi with another 15 experts.