Assessment of probable scenarios of radiological emergency and their consequences.

Purpose: Despite the vast amount of literature on radiological emergencies, to the best of our knowledge there is no systematic review of probable scenarios and their consequences. This work aimed for compiling such review.

Materials And Methods: The authors comprised a Red Team - that is, simulated best efforts to inflict maximal damage to the society by various means of radiological attacks.

Structure, dynamics and implied gating mechanism of a human cyclic nucleotide-gated channel.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels are nonselective cation channels, essential for visual and olfactory sensory transduction. Although the channels include voltage-sensor domains (VSDs), their conductance is thought to be independent of the membrane potential, and their gating regulated by cytosolic cyclic nucleotide-binding domains. Mutations in these channels result in severe, degenerative retinal diseases, which remain untreatable.

Herp coordinates compartmentalization and recruitment of HRD1 and misfolded proteins for ERAD.

A functional unfolded protein response (UPR) is essential for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded secretory proteins, reflecting the fact that some level of UPR activation must exist under normal physiological conditions. A coordinator of the UPR and ERAD processes has long been sought. We previously showed that the PKR-like, ER-localized eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α kinase branch of the UPR is required for the recruitment of misfolded proteins and the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 to the ER-derived quality control compartment (ERQC), a staging ground for ERAD.

The Transmembrane Helix Tilt May Be Determined by the Balance between Precession Entropy and Lipid Perturbation.

Hydrophobic helical peptides interact with lipid bilayers in various modes, determined by the match between the length of the helix's hydrophobic core and the thickness of the hydrocarbon region of the bilayer. For example, long helices may tilt with respect to the membrane normal to bury their hydrophobic cores in the membrane, and the lipid bilayer may stretch to match the helix length. Recent molecular dynamics simulations and potential of mean force calculations have shown that some TM helices whose lengths are equal to, or even shorter than, the bilayer thickness may also tilt.

How does KCNE1 regulate the Kv7.1 potassium channel? Model-structure, mutations, and dynamics of the Kv7.1-KCNE1 complex.

The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv7.1 and its auxiliary subunit KCNE1 are expressed in the heart and give rise to the major repolarization current. The interaction of Kv7.